Ancient Indian Education (Brahmanical and Buddhist) c14.17

c14.17

¹ A convenient list of these names is given in Professor D. R. Bhandarkar's *Carmichael Lectures*, 1918, pp. 89, 90. In this connection we may note the exact significance of the name *Arthaśāstra* as defined by Kauṭilya himself. *Artha* = the source of livelihood of men = the earth as peopled by men whom it supports. The *Artha-śāstra* is the science (and art) dealing with the means by which the earth of human beings is to be acquired and maintained. Thus it comes to mean the science and art of government [p. 426 of Dr. Shama Sastri's edition of the *Kauṭilīya*]. It may also be pointed out that though the evidence of the *Kauṭilīya* has been considered here in connection with the Sūtra period, that work is not a typical Sūtra work, made up as it is of both *sūtras* and *bhāshyas* or commentaries, as Kauṭilya himself reminds us at the end of the book.