Ancient Indian Education (Brahmanical and Buddhist) c16.285

c16.285

**Terms of Scientific Argument.** *Tantra-yukti* presents the forms of scientific argument under thirty-two topics as mentioned below:—
(1) *Adhikaraṇa*, subject.
(2) *Vidhāna*, arrangement.
(3) *Yoga*, union of words.
(4) *Padārtha*, category.
(5) *Hetvārtha*, implication.
(6) *Uddeśa*, enunciation.
(7) *Nirdeśa*, declaration.
(8) *Upadeśa*, instruction.
(9) *Apadeśa*, specification.
(10) *Atideśa*, extended application.
(11) *Pradeśa*, determination from a statement to be made.
(12) *Upamāna*, analogy.
(13) *Arthāpatti*, presumption.
(14) *Saṁśaya*, doubt.
(15) *Prasaṅga*, a connected argument.
(16) *Viparyaya*, reversion.
(17) *Vākya-śesha*, context.
(18) *Anumata*, assent.
(19) *Vyākhyāna*, description.