Ancient Indian Education (Brahmanical and Buddhist) c33.679

Language: English

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Poverty, problems of, solution through Buddhist Order, 460 Prāchyas, the, 142 Prādhyayanam, 254, 255 Prajāpati, 10; identification with Agni, 10; Lord of Created Beings, 42; one aspect of god of all gods, 259; or Hiraṇyagarbha, Lord of all creatures, hymn to, 47; rise of conception of, 375; what is expressed by name, 45 Prājāpatya sacrifice, performance of, 261 *Prajñā* (Discriminating Insight), means of attaining Samādhi, 307 Prajñābhadra, distinguished scholar, 527 *Prakāsa*, what is indicated by, 298 *Prakhyā*, how characterized, 297 *Prakriti*, or Nature, 21, 281; (Reality), 289; unconscious, 295; and *Purusha*, relation between, 289, 290 Prācritic dialect, doubtful whether becoming common speech succeeding Sanskrit (footnote), 141 Prākrits, offshoot of Sanskrit literature, xxxvi Pramāṇa, explanation of, 298; means of knowledge, 276; three forms of, 298 ***Prāṇāyāma*** (Regulations of the breath), as aid to practice of Yoga, 115, 315 *Prasāda*, meaning of, 298 *Praśna*, controversial social questions, solution of as means of gaining livelihood, 254; (Upanishad in Atharvaveda), 76 Prāti-bodhi-putra, Later Vedic teacher, 127 Prātika-Upāsanā, 159; including worship of God in form of different deities, 159 *Prātimoksha*, first lesson of instruction imparted to newly ordained monks, 541 Prātiśākhyas, 82, 83; associated with Vedic Sākhās, 78, 79 Prātiśākya literature, development of, 65;

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meaning of, 79 *Pratrinna Saṁhitā*, 21 *Pratyāhāra* (suppression of organs of sense), connected with practice of Yoga, 115; withdrawal of senses from their object, as aid to practice of Yoga, 315, 316 *Pratyaksha*, explanation of, 298 Pravāhaṇa Jaivali, Later Vedic teacher, 126; King, member of Pāñchāla Parishad, 134 *Pravritti*, second stage of, 298 Prayāga, centre of Brahmanism, 514 *Prayatna*, what is implied by, 305 Prayers, repetition of by pupils, 205, 206; and devotion, example of solitude in, 367; used in initiation of studentship in Upanyana, 182 *Prayogyas*, or manuals, use of, 168 Pre-Buddhist Brahmanical ascetic orders, 381 Preceptor, paid fees by retiring students for education, 506; *see also* Achārya Presents to teacher (voluntary fees), 253 *Preyas*, path of, explained, 156 Priesthood of old Rigvedic religion enumerated, 61 Priestly families of India, correct account of, how obtained, 83 Priests, different classes of, Kalpa-Sūtras for, 167; fighting in battle, but occasionally, 152 Prince, studentship of, how long to continue, 247 Princes of Khātrya caste, education of, course described, 247 Priyavrata Somāpi *or* Saumāpi, Later Vedic teacher, 127 Probation (Parivāsa) of Bhikkhus, 446 Professions, various, not prohibited in times of distress or failure, 352. Promulgators of original works, 240 Property accruing to a person in pupilage, 256; of ascetics, 257;

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rights of in respect of gains of learning, 251 Psychic and vital tendencies, five planes of (Koshas), xxiii Psychology, Western, theory of perception in (footnote), 295 Punishment, infliction as disciplinary measure, legal, 249 Puṇyavardhana, number of monasteries and Brethren in, 528 Pupil, effect of duty of begging on, xxx; individual, Guru taking place of Super-Ego in, xxviii; presents to teacher after end of pupilage, 203; prevention of tendency to repression in, xxviii; tending of cattle by, xxix,—of sacred fire by, xxix; teacher as heir of, 256; and teacher, relationship between, how inaugurated, xxvi Pupils, admission to Upanyana, 181; desire of teacher for, 102; in Buddhist monasteries, daily duties of, 542, 543; labour of, forbidden to be utilized by teachers for own ends, 206; obligations of teachers to, 201; — during apprenticeship, 350; observation of vratas by, 206; punishment of, 201, 202; strict rules governing daily life of, 205, 206; unworthy, 236, 237,—contemptuous epithets applied to, 237; works of, teachers famous for, 241 Pupilage, marks of; known to Pāṇini, 236 *Purāṇa*, 106 *Purāṇas*, study of permitted to Sūdras, 270 Puranic Schools of Sūtas and Māghadas, 343 Pūrṇa, Śastramaster, 511 Pūrṇavarna, King, benefactor to Nālandā, 562 *Puroḍāśa*, offering of, 12 Pūrus, Vedic settlement, 54 *Purusha*, concept of, 290; Hymn of the Rigveda, 10; (Pure Consciousness), 289; (Self) "enjoying" perception of object, 293; function of, 294, 295;

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-Sūkta, doctrine of self-sacrifice laid down by, 9,—hymn presenting whole process of the creation as a *Yajña*, 8; hymn to the Ādi-Purusha, 46; of Rigveda, first adumbration of caste in, 157; questions regarding the Creation answered by, 8; recognition of non-Aryan races in, 52; and *Prakṛiti*, relation between, 289, 290 *Purva-Mīmāṁsā*, purpose of, 271; study as part of inquiry into Dharma, 272, 273; study of, 272; study of, necessity for, how established, 273; subject of, 271; subject of discipline of, 271 Pūrvaśilā Monastery, renowned, 527 Pūshan, Śūdra caste, creation of, 158 Pushkarāvatī, home of numerous Buddhist sages, 509