Ancient Indian Education (Brahmanical and Buddhist) c9.s1.2

c9.s1.2

To the west of the Sindhu (Indus) were the rivers Kubhā (="Kophen" or Kabul), Suvāstu ("of fair dwellings"=Swat), Krumu (Kurram), Gomatī ("abounding in cows"=Gomal) and Mehatnu [*Rv.* x, 75, 6; v, 53, 9; viii, 24, 30; 19, 37]. The Sindhu is mentioned many times [i, 126, 1; 94, 16; 122, 6; ii, 15, 6; iv, 30, 12; v, 53, 9; vii, 33, 3; viii, 20, 25; x, 64, 9; 75, 6.] There are also mentioned the five rivers of the Panjab: Vitastā (Jhelum), Asiknī (Chenab), Parushṇī (Irāvatī or Rāvi), Vipās (Beas) and Śutudrī (Satlej); and, beyond these, the Sarasvatī, Gaṅgā and Yamunā [*Rv.* x, 75, 5; also Asiknī in viii, 20, 25; Parushṇī in vii, 18, 89 and 63, 15; Śutudrī in iii, 33, 1; Vipās in iii, 33, 1–3, and iv, 30, 11; Gaṅgā in vi, 45, 31 (Gāṅgya); Yamunā in v, 52, 17 and vii, 18, 19; Sarasvatī in iii, 23, 4 (along with the Dṛishadvatī); vi, 61, 2, 13; vii, 95, 96; etc.]. One hymn [iv, 36, 18] also mentions the river *Sarayu* (in Oudh) which thus marks the easternmost limit of Rigvedic India. It will appear that, of these rivers, the Sarasvatī as well as the Sindhu is mentioned most in the hymns, showing that the easterly regions had already acquired a reputation as the home of Rigvedic learning and culture.