Jyotihshastra: Astral and Mathematical Literature c5.s1.45

c5.s1.45

ment, contains the usual parikarmas (adding the mathematics of zero after the discussion of fractions) and vyavahāras (adding at the end a section on the pulverizer and one on aṅkapāśa or combinations and permutations). This became the standard textbook on arithmetic in India, as is easily seen from the hundreds of manuscript copies, many editions, various translations, and numerous commentaries. For it was translated into Kannaḍa by Rājāditya,³³ who is said to have been a Jaina from Pāvinabāge at the court at Dorasamudra of the Hoysaḷa Ballāla—presumably Ballāla II (1173–1220); into Persian by Abū al-Fayḍ Fayḍī³⁴ for the Mughal Akbar (1556–1605) in 1587, by Medinīmalla³⁵ in 1663/4, and by Muḥammad Amīn,³⁶ who flourished between 1661 and 1678; and into Hindī by Amīcandra at Jayapura in 1842. Commentaries on the Līlāvatī were composed by Parameśvara at Aśvatthagrāma, Kerala, before 1432 (vivaraṇa); by Gaṅgādhara³⁷ at Jambūsaras, Gujarāt, in 1420 (Gaṇitāmṛtasāgarī); by Moṣadeva³⁸ before 1472; by the Lakṣmīdāsa who commented on the SŚB in 1501; by Sūryadāsa³⁹ at Pārthapura on the Godāvarī in 1541 (Gaṇitāmṛtakūpikā); by the well known Gaṇeśa at Nandigrāma in 1545 (Buddhivilāsinī); by Nārāyaṇa⁴⁰ in Kerala in about 1550 (Karmapradīpikā); by Śaṅkara, but completed by the above mentioned Nārāyaṇa, in Kerala in about 1556 (Kriyākramakari); by Mahīdhara at Vārāṇasī in 1587; by Munīśvara, the author of the SSBM, at Kāśī in the early seventeenth century (Nisṛṣṭārthadūtī); by his contemporary, Raṅganātha, also at Vārāṇasī