A History of Agriculture in India v1.c15.3

v1.c15.3

The term Chalcolithic is applied to communities using stone implements along with copper or bronze ones. In more advanced communities, the proportion of copper and bronze implements is higher than that of stone ones. The Chalcolithic revolution, like the Neolithic, was the climax of a long process. It was the ultimate result of what Gordon Childe calls: "The Second Revolution between 6000 and 3000 B.C. which transformed tiny villages of self-sufficing farmers into populous cities, nourished by secondary industries and foreign trade, and regularly organized as States. The scene of this drama lies in the belt of countries between the Nile and the Ganges. During this period, man has learnt to harness the force of oxen and winds, he invents the plough, the wheeled cart, and the sailing boat, he discovers the chemical processes involved in smelting copper ores and the physical properties of metals, and he begins to work out an accurate solar calendar."¹