A History of Hindu Chemistry from the Earliest Times to the Middle of the Sixteenth Century A.D. v2.c34.335

v2.c34.335

III. Mixtures like soups, solutions *etc*:—A soup is a physical mixture. When meat is boiled in water, there is the application of heat, with chemical changes in the meat, but the combination of meat-particles and water-particles in the soup is only physical combination, and not a chemical one. It is of course not a true compound, neither is it a quasi-compound, like milk (in which the water-particles are ‘energisers’ of the Earth-particles). Milk, for example, retains its milky substance, when it coagulates or becomes solid, (this of course is also the case with mono-Bhautic substances whether elementary or compound, *e. g.* water, which becomes ice,) but the substance we call a soup or solution ceases to be a soup or solution, the moment it solidifies. Udyotakara notices gruel, baths, and lyes (alkaline solutions) as mixtures of this class (एतेन पाककाञ्जिकविविकावच्छारादयः प्रत्युक्ताः। Vártika, Chap. I, A'hnika I, Sútra 14). यूष हि नाम उत्पन्नपाकजानां द्रव्याणां कालविशेषानुग्रहे सति द्रव्यान्तरसंयुक्तानां पाकजोत्पत्तौ यः संयोगः स यूष इति। एतेन पाककाञ्जिकविविकावच्छारादयः प्रत्युक्ताः। Udyotakara, Vártika, Chap. I, A'hnika I, Sútra 14. Vide also Váchaspati's comment: उत्पन्नपाकजानां तैले सर्पिषि वा पिष्टमांसपिण्डावयवानां द्रव्यान्तरेण तोयेन संयुक्तानां पाकजोत्पत्तौ सत्यां न चासौ सहसा इत्युक्तं कालविशेषानुग्रहे सतीति। स च संयोगभेद एव तोयमांसयोर्नतु अवयवी विजातीययोरनारम्भकत्वात्। नापि यूषजातीयं तोयसंयोगि द्रव्यं क्षीरजातीयमिति युक्तम्। तोयविरहे काठिन्येऽपि क्षीरबुद्धिव्यपदेश्योस्तादवस्थ्यात्। इह तु काठिन्ये न यूषबुद्धिव्यपदेशौ इति सम्बन्धभेद एव तोयमांसयोर्यूष इति न्याय्यम्। स च अनुभवसिद्धः संयोगव्यतिरिक्तः। Váchaspati, Tátparyyatíká, ibid. For salt and alkaline solutions, vide Kiranávalí—यत् पुनरम्बुसिन्धुभेदेन क्षारादिरपि रसः पायसे उपलभ्यते स दशमूलकषायसेव पार्थिवद्रव्योपाधिकः। कथमन् यथा तस्यैव घनपीतमुक्तस्य रसो मधुर एव। Udayana, Kiranávalí, जलनिरूपणम्।