History of Chemistry in Ancient and Medieval India, Incorporating the History of Hindu Chemistry by Acharya Prafulla Chandra Ray c40.s5.16

c40.s5.16

| ASIA | AEGEAN, GREECE, AND WESTERN EUROPE |
| | → |
| Kish, Ur tin-bronze | |
| imitation te a che- s writings ry direc- apparatus l symbo- netal and Prepared | EARLY MINOAN. *Knossos* : Copper, gold, silver, bronze, lead Purple dye, glaze *Mycena* Glass. THE HITTITES Useful iron (c 1400 B.C), steel weapons Tin oxide glaze, cobalt glass IRON AGE (c 1200 B.C.) CLASSICAL GREECE Thales (c.624-545 B C.)—Water, primal matter. Anaximander (c 611-546 B.C.) — 'Apeiron', primal matter. Anaximenes (c. 550 B C ) — Air, primal matter. Heraclitus (c. 536-470 B.C.) --Fire, primal matter. Pythagoras (c. 570-490 B.C.) -Geometrical conception of matter. Empedocles (c. 490-430 B.C.) —Four element theory. Anaxagoras (c. 500-427 B.C.) postulated an external intelligence. Leucippus (c. 500 B.C.), and Democritus (c. 460-370 B.C ) proposed an atomic theory. All matter consists of eternal, moving, indestructible atoms, qualitatively alike but differing in size, shape and mass. Aristotle (384-322 B.C) postulated the primary matter, called '*hule*' Theophrastos (315 B.C.) described the manufacture of white lead. WESTERN EUROPE |