The University of Nalanda c18.33

c18.33

After examining many other images of the Buddhist pantheon—Vajrapāṇi, Avalokiteśvara, Jambhala, Tārā etc.—with regard to the influence of Nālandā and Pāla Art over the Hindu-Javanese, Kempers says, “The Hindu-Javanese bronzes in general have not developed from Pāla art, but the Pāla images have enriched the art of Java with a number of motifs and types.”⁵ At the same time he rejects the theory of Dr. Bosch that the bronzes found in Monastery I (at Nālandā) could have been found in Central Java and therefore their character seems to be purely Hindu-Javanese,⁶ but asserts that “the bronzes of Nālandā while partly exhibiting a distinct resemblance to some bronzes from Java, belong to Pāla art.”⁷