Hindu Achievements in Exact Science: A Study in the History of Scientific Development c8.10

c8.10

1. The idea of an absolutely negative quantity.
2. The first exposition of the complete solution of the quadratic equation (Brahmagupta A.D 598–660)
3. Rules for finding permutations and combinations (Bhaskara, born 1114). These were unknown to the Greeks.
4. Indeterminate equations: "The glory of having invented general methods in this most subtle branch of mathematics belongs to the Indians." ⁴
5. Indeterminate equations of the second degree.