The Positive Sciences of the Ancient Hindus c4.s2.5

c4.s2.5

Charaka points out that the primary qualities or specific physical characters of the five Bhútas are tactile qualities, *i.e.* sensible to touch, *e.g.* hardness (or roughness) for Earth, liquidity (or yielding to pressure) for Ap, impelling or moving force (pressure) for Váyu, heat for Tejas, and vacuum (non-resistance, penetrability) for Ákása.