The Hindu-Arabic Numerals c7.38

c7.38

⁵ He used one of the alphabetic systems explained above. This ran up to 10¹⁸ and was not difficult, beginning as follows: [Figure:] the same letter (*ka*) appearing in the successive consonant forms, *ka*, *kha*, *ga*, *gha*, etc. See C. I. Gerhardt, *Über die Entstehung und Ausbreitung des dekadischen Zahlensystems*, Programm, p. 17, Salzwedel, 1853, and *Études historiques sur l'arithmétique de position*, Programm, p. 24, Berlin, 1856; E. Jacquet, *Mode d'expression symbolique des nombres*, loc. cit., p. 97; L. Rodet, “Sur la véritable signification de la notation numérique inventée par Āryabhata,” *Journal Asiatique*, Vol. XVI (7), pp. 440–485. On the two Āryabhaṭas see Kaye, *Bibl. Math.*, Vol. X (3), p. 289.