Shringaraprakasha 3.p1.5

3.p1.5

anyathaiko hālastipakaiḥ pīḍyeta, dvitīyo durdarśa iti nābhigamyena atetaneṣvapi, kriyāphalavivakṣāyāṃ tu ddaśyate--parivārayante vṛkṣaṃ kaṇṭākāḥ, śoṣyate brīhīnātapa iti | etena karaṇena tulyakriyaḥ kartā karmavadbhavatītyāpi na vaktavayaṃ bhavati| parivārayanti kaṇṭakairvṛkṣaṃ manuṣyāḥ, parivārayante kaṇṭakāḥ svayameveti | tathā duhipacyoḥ sakarmakayoḥ kartā bahulaṃ karmavadbhavatātyāpi na vaktavyam| dugdhe gauḥ payaḥ svayameva; payo puñcatīti gamyate | tasmādudumbarassalohitaṃ phalaṃ pacyate iti karmataiva kriyāviśeṣaṇavivakṣītā | udumbaraśabdo'tra phalavṛttiḥ, udumbaraṃ tat kālona pacyate salohitaguṇaṃ yathā bhavati lohitena pākena saṃbadhyate iti yāvat; kartṛtvavikṣāyāṃ ca pacatyātmānamiti | tathā yujeḥ jyat karti ca vaktavyam| māsaṃ yujyate brahmacārīti | kartṛtvavivakṣāyāṃ daivādikatvam na setsyati| karmaṇyavivakṣāyāṃ tu karmatvaṃ, yathā kartṛtvaṃ tu svayaṃ śabdena gamyate| ityalamatiprasaṅgena| 3.5. kṛdantamati khalu kriyārūpaṃ vidyate tatra bhāvo yathā--iha taiḥ yātaṃ, āsitaṃ, iha tairbhuktaṃ, iha taiḥ pūtaṃ, kṛtaṃ bhavatā, prasuptaṃ bhavatā, sukṛtaṃ bhavatā, susiktaṃ bhavatā, bhūtaṃ bhavatā, bhaviṣyamāṇaṃ bhavatā, hvayamānaṃ bhavatā, bhavitavyaṃ bhavatā, bhavanīyaṃ bhavatā, bhavyaṃ bhavatā, avaśyaṃ bhāvyaṃ bhavatā, ādaraśitaṃ bhāvaṃ bhavatā,īṣadāḍhyaṃ durāḍhyaṃ svāḍhyaṃ bhavaṃ bhavatā, īṣadutthāne bhavatā, sustrāvaṃ bhavatā, iti|

otherwise, one would be pained by elephant-drivers, and the other, being unapproachable, would not be approached. Even in inanimate things, when one wishes to express the result of an action, it is seen: 'the thorns surround the tree', 'the heat dries the rice'. By this, it also need not be stated that 'an agent whose action is equal to that of an instrument behaves like an object': 'men surround the tree with thorns' [becomes] 'the thorns surround [it] by themselves'. Likewise, it need not be stated that 'the agent of duh ('to milk') and pac ('to cook') when transitive frequently behaves like an object'. 'The cow milks her milk by itself' is understood as 'she releases the milk'. Therefore, in 'the fig tree cooks into a reddish fruit', it is intended as an object qualifying the action: the word 'udumbara' here denotes the fruit; that fig tree in time ripens so as to have a reddish quality, meaning it is joined with a red cooking; and when one wishes to express agency, [it means] 'it cooks itself'. Likewise, in the case of yuj, one must state [the affix] jyat and agenthood: 'the student of the Veda applies himself for a month'. If one intends to express agenthood, membership in the div-class will not succeed; whereas if agency is not intended, it has objecthood, just as agenthood is understood by the word 'svayam'. Enough of this digression. 3.5. Verbal nature also belongs to primary derivatives (kṛdanta); among them, the abstract state (bhāva) is as follows: 'here walking was done by them', 'sitting was done', 'here eating was done by them', 'here purification was done by them', 'it was done by you', 'sleeping was done by you', 'it was well done by you', 'it was well watered by you', 'becoming was done by you', 'being about to become by you', 'being invoked by you', 'ought to be by you', 'ought to be by you', 'fit to be by you', 'necessarily to be by you', 'respectful becoming by you', 'becoming slightly rich, difficultly rich, easily rich by you', 'slight rising by you', 'easy oozing by you'.