Shringaraprakasha 5.p2.12

5.p2.12

the pale pigeon announces at dawn its short and long cooing sounds along with the visarga." / 5.30. That which is heard, understood, or denoted by an expressed or unexpressed cause is substance. / It is twofold: having the form of a substrate and not having the form of a substrate. / There, that which rests upon causes of application such as universal class and so forth has the form of a substrate; as in: 'cow', 'horse', 'white', 'one', 'a measure', 'a weight', 'straight', 'prior', 'cook', 'staff-bearer', 'king's servant', 'Caitra'. / The opposite of that, not having the form of a substrate, is the meaning of particles, indeclinables, prefixes, verbal adjuncts, adpositions, and so forth; as in: "Both I and you, O slayer of Vṛtra"; "Who will accept you?"; "Who will lead him to [it]?"; "He wishes to go by himself." / Grammatical gender is twofold: linguistic-sound gender and semantic gender. / Between these, that which is the cause of naming the thing as 'this' [feminine] is the cause of grammatical formation of the linguistic sound; that which is the cause of naming the thing as 'this' [masculine] is masculine; from the rule regarding the augment of a neuter... the cause of grammatical formation of the thing as 'this' [neuter] is neuter. / And this spreads out into six varieties according to the distinction of pure, mixed, and so forth: pure, mixed, blended, subordinate, inherent, and unmanifest. / Among these, pure is the cause of a single grammatical formation: khaṭvā ('bed', f.), vṛkṣaḥ ('tree', m.), kuṇḍam ('pot', n.), woman, man, neuter. / Mixed is what admits two grammatical formations: marīciḥ ('ray', m./f.), ūrmiḥ ('wave', m./f.), artiḥ ('pain', m./f.), chardiḥ ('vomiting', m./f.), kaṣāyaḥ ('astringent', m./n.), kavāṭam ('door', m./n.). / Blended is what is endowed with three grammatical formations: taṭī, taṭaḥ, taṭam ('bank', f./m./n.); śṛṅkhalā, śṛṅkhalaḥ, śṛṅkhalam ('chain', f./m./n.). / Subordinate is that which takes the form of a modifier governed by the noun modified: śuklā, śuklaḥ, śuklam ('white', f./m./n.); paṭvī, paṭuḥ, paṭu ('clever', f./m./n.). / Inherent is what is entitled to a fixed grammatical formation of the word even while being a modifier: prakṛtiḥ ('nature', f.), viṣayaḥ ('object', m.), pradhānam ('chief', n.), bhāryā ('wife', f.), dārāḥ ('wives', m. pl.), kalatram ('wife', n.). / Unmanifest is what is not entitled to a grammatical formation of the word conditioned by grammatical gender: pañca ('five'), ṣaṭ ('six'), kati ('how many'), uccaiḥ ('loudly').