Amara's Thesaurus 1.3.19

| Now the section summarizing gender and related rules 5
(3.5.940) By means of treatises on gender, and words formed by desiderative affixes beginning with san, primary affixes, secondary affixes, and compounds,
(3.5.941) one should infer gender here in this compendium for unmentioned words, as in miscellaneous usage.
(3.5.942) The general rule for remaining genders is pervasive, if uncontradicted by specific designations.
(3.5.943) In the feminine are words ending in ī and ū, monosyllabic words ending in a consonant, and names of female living beings;
(3.5.944) [and] the names of lightning, night, creeper, lute, direction, earth, river, and modesty;
(3.5.945) a dvigu ending in short a denoting a singular aggregate, but not one with pātra, yuga, and so forth;
(3.5.946) words with tal in the sense of a multitude, those in ya indicating vicinity, and those with vuñ meaning enmity, marriage, and so on;
(3.5.947) in denoting the feminine state and so on, words ending with the suffixes ani, ktin, ṇvul, ṇac, ṇvuc, kyap, yuj, iñ, ṅi, and śā;
(3.5.948) among Uṇādi suffixes, those in nir, ūr, and īś; words ending in ṅyāṣ and ūṭ, whether movable or immovable;
(3.5.949) if designating a blow in that game, [words like] mauṣṭā, pāllavā; suffixes like ṇa; directional terms;
(3.5.950) feminine derivatives of ghañ in ña if denoting an action occurring in it, as dāṇḍapātā phālgunī;
(3.5.951) and śyainampātā hunt, tailampātā oblation—these are the directional guidelines;
(3.5.952) certain words like mṛṇālī are feminine if diminution is intended to be expressed;
(3.5.953) laṅkā, śephālikā, ṭīkā, dhātakī, pañcikā, āḍhakī,
(3.5.954) sidhrakā, sārikā, hikkā, prācī, ulkā, pipīlikā,
(3.5.955) tindukī, kaṇikā, bhaṅgi, suraṅgā, sūcī, māḍhī,
(3.5.956) picchā, vitaṇḍā, kākiṇī, cūrṇi, śāṇī, druṇī, darat,
(3.5.957) sāti, kanthā, likewise āsandī, nābhī, and also rājasabhā,
(3.5.958) jhallarī, carcarī, pārī, horā, laṭvā, and sidhmalā,
(3.5.959) lākṣā, likṣā, gaṇḍūṣā, gṛdhrasī, camasī, and masī.
| Thus ends the summary of the feminine gender.
(3.5.960) In the masculine are gods and asuras together with their sub-classes, attendants, and synonyms;
(3.5.961) synonyms of heaven, sacrifice, mountain, cloud, ocean, tree, time, sword, arrow, and enemy;
(3.5.962) hand, cheek, lip, arm, tooth, throat, hair, nail, and breast;
(3.5.963) compounds ending in ahan and aha; varieties of poisons; compounds ending in rātra preceded by a non-numeral;
(3.5.964) resins such as śrīveṣṭa; uncontradicted words ending in as;
(3.5.965) words ending in tu, ru, and consonants, except kaśeru, jatu, and vastu;

(3.5.966) words whose penultimate letters are ka, ṣa, ṇa, bha, ma, or ra, if ending in short a; now,
(3.5.967) words whose penultimate letters are pa, tha, na, ya, sa, or ṭa; names of gotras; and names of Vedic schools;
(3.5.968) when forming nouns in senses other than the agent and in abstract action: affixes ghañ, ap, naṅ, ṇa, gha, and athuc;
(3.5.969) lyu in the sense of agent; imanac in abstract action; ka after verbal stems ending in ā; ki after prefixed verbal stems and elsewhere;
(3.5.970) in dvandva: aśvavaḍavau, but aśvavaḍavam is not masculine in an aggregate dvandva;
(3.5.971) words ending in kānta preceded by a synonym of the sun or moon, and preceded by ayas as well;
(3.5.972) vaṭaka, anuvāka, rallaka, and kuḍaṅgaka;
(3.5.973) puṅkha, nyūṅkha, samudra, viṭapa, paṭṭadhaṭa, khaṭa;
(3.5.974) koṭṭāra, ghaṭṭa, haṭṭa, like piṇḍa, goṇḍa, and picaṇḍa;
(3.5.975) gaḍu, karaṇḍa, laguḍa, karaṇḍa, kiṇa, ghuṇa;
(3.5.976) dṛti, sīmanta, harita, romantha, udgītha, budbuda;
(3.5.977) kāsamarda, arbuda, kunda, phena, stūpa along with yūpa;
(3.5.978) ātapa, nābhi when referring to a kṣatriya, kuṇapa, kṣura, kedāra;
(3.5.979) pūra, kṣurapra, cukra, gola, hiṅgula, pudgala;
(3.5.980) vetāla, bhalla, malla, puroḍāśa, also paṭṭiśa;
(3.5.981) kulmāṣa, rabhasa, together with kaṭāha and patadgraha.
| Thus ends the remaining summary of the masculine gender.
(3.5.982) In the other [gender, the neuter], lacking two genders: kha, araṇya, parṇa, śvabhra, hima, udaka,
(3.5.983) śīta, uṣṇa, māṃsa, rudhira, mukha, akṣi, draviṇa, bala,
(3.5.984) phala, heman, śulba, loha, sukha, duḥkha, śubha, aśubha,
(3.5.985) water flowers, lavaṇa, condiments, anulepana,
(3.5.986) numerals from śata upward other than koṭi, or lakṣa and niyuta;
(3.5.987) words ending in dvaya, ṣka, masi, su, and san; whatever ends in ana not meaning the agent;
(3.5.988) words ending in tra, remaining words with a penultimate s, and rātra preceded by a numeral;
(3.5.989) a dvigu ending in a with pātra and so forth expressing a single entity, according to usage;
(3.5.990) singular dvandva and avyayībhāva compounds; pathin after a numeral or an indeclinable;
(3.5.991) chāyā in tatpuruṣa when governed by many; vicchāyam in an aggregate; sabhā
(3.5.992) meaning an assembly hall when following rājan or a non-human, but not when kingless;

(3.5.993) dāsīsabham, nṛpasabham, rakṣassabham—these are the examples;
(3.5.994) compounds ending in upajñā and upakrama when indicating initial invention or inception,
(3.5.995) such as kauśalopajñam and kālakopakramam; and kanthā in names of the Uśīnara region;
(3.5.996) affixes other than ṇa and ka in the sense of abstract state; in the sense of a collection; in state and action,
(3.5.997) suffixes ending in short a; but ahan following puṇya and sudina;
(3.5.998) adverbs of action, words denoting qualifiers even in the singular, and uktha and toṭaka;
(3.5.999) coca, piccha, gṛhasthūṇa, tirīṭa, marma, yojana,
(3.5.1000) rājasūya, vājapeya, prose and verse in poetic compositions,
(3.5.1001) māṇikya, bhāṣya, sindūra, cīra, cīvara, piñjara,
(3.5.1002) lokāyata, haritāla, vidala, sthāla, and bāhlika.
| Thus ends the remaining summary of the neuter gender.
(3.5.1003) The remainder in both masculine and neuter: the ardharca class, piṇyāka, kaṇṭaka,
(3.5.1004) modaka, taṇḍaka, ṭaṅka, śāṭaka, karpaṭa, arbuda,
(3.5.1005) pātaka, udyoga, caraka, tamāla, āmalaka, naḍa,
(3.5.1006) kuṣṭha, muṇḍa, śīdhu, busta, kṣveḍita, kṣemakuṭṭima,
(3.5.1007) saṃgama, śatamāna, arma, śambala, avyaya, tāṇḍava,
(3.5.1008) kaviya, kanda, kārpāsa, pārāvāra, yugandhara,
(3.5.1009) yūpa, pragrīva, pātrīva, yūṣa, camasa, and cikkasa.
(3.5.1010) In the ardharca class and so on, the masculine gender and the like of ghṛta and other words is purely Vedic;
(3.5.1011) that is not stated here; if it occurs also in worldly usage, let it be like the rest.
| Thus ends the remaining summary of the masculine and neuter genders.
(3.5.1012) In both feminine and masculine: words ending with patronymic affixes, two-, four-, and six-footed creatures, and serpents;
(3.5.1013) sub-varieties of species, male designations together with feminine connections, mallaka,
(3.5.1014) ūrmi, varāṭaka, svāti, varṇaka, jhāṭali, manu,
(3.5.1015) mūṣā, sṛpāṭī, karkandhū, yaṣṭi, śāṭī, kaṭī, and kuṭī.
| Thus ends the remaining summary of the feminine and masculine genders.
(3.5.1016) In both feminine and neuter: abstract state and action formed with ṣyañ, and in some cases vuñ;
(3.5.1017) aucityam / aucitī, maitrī / maitryam; the suffix vuñ was previously illustrated.

(3.5.1018) [Words ending in] senā, chāyā, śālā, surā, and niśā, preceded by a member having a genitive sense, / (3.5.1019) may optionally be [neuter: e.g.] nṛsenam, śvaniśam, gośālam, and others; and dik. / (3.5.1020) And a dvigu compound whose final member ends in āp or an is not masculine, and [an final] is dropped: / (3.5.1021) [e.g.] trikhaṭvam and trikhaṭvī, and tritakṣam and tritakṣī too. / | Thus ends the summary of remainder words in feminine and neuter. | / (3.5.1022) In three genders [are] pātrī, puṭī, vāṭī, peṭī, kuvala, and dāḍima. / (3.5.1023) Thus ends the summary of remainder words in three genders. / (3.5.1024) In a dvandva compound whose constituents retain their primary senses, the gender is that of the final member; and so too in a tatpuruṣa compound. / (3.5.1025) Words ending in -artha, and those preceded by prādi prefixes, alam, prāpta, and āpanna, follow [the gender of] another. / (3.5.1026) A dvigu compound having a secondary derivative sense, numerals, pronouns, and words ending in them, / (3.5.1027) [and] a bahuvrīhi compound, except of names of directions—what has been thus illustrated is to be deduced. / (3.5.1028) Words whose adjuncts are connection with quality, substance, or action follow [the gender of] another. / (3.5.1029) Kṛt affixes denoting the agent when not a proper name, gerundives (kṛtya) denoting the agent or the object, / (3.5.1030) words ending in aṇ and other suffixes in the sense of 'colored by that' and so forth, adjectives distinguishing various meanings, / (3.5.1031) words called ṣaṣ—[all these] are the same in the three genders; [so too] yuṣmad, asmad, verbal forms (tiṅ), and indeclinables (avyaya). / (3.5.1032) In case of conflict, the latter [rule prevails]; but the remainder is to be known from the usage of cultured speakers. / Thus ends the section summarizing genders and so forth, the fifth; herein are 46 original verses. / Thus in the Nāmaliṅgānuśāsana composed by Amarasiṃha, / the third book, the Common Book, together with its limbs, has been fully accomplished. / Thus ends the third book, the Common Book. / Thus the Nāmaliṅgānuśāsana composed by Amarasiṃha, / consisting of three books, with all its limbs and sub-limbs, has reached completion. | / Herein original verses: 480, interpolated verses: 25, and all together combined: 513. / Table of verses found in the Amarakośa: / In the 1st book, orig. vv. 281, interp. vv. 18, all together combined 299; / in the 2nd book, orig. vv. 735, interp. vv. 14, all together combined 750; / in the 3rd book, orig. vv. 480, interp. vv. 25, all together combined 513. / Thus the total of all books: orig. vv. 1497, interp. vv. 58, and all combined 1563.