The Long Āgama Sūtra 5.27

5.27

「婆悉吒！今此世間有四種名，第五有沙門眾名。所以然者？婆悉吒！剎利眾中，或時有人自厭己法，剃除鬚髮，而披法服，於是始有沙門名生。婆羅門種、居士種、首陀羅種，或時有人自厭己法，剃除鬚髮，法服修道，名為沙門。婆悉吒！剎利種中，身行不善，口行不善，意行不善身壞命終，必受苦報。婆羅門種、居士種、首陀羅種，身行不善，口行不善，意行不善，身壞命終，必受苦報。婆悉吒！剎利種中，有身行善，口、意行善，身壞命終，必受樂報。婆羅門、居士、首陀羅種中，身行善，口、意行善，身壞命終，必受樂報。婆悉吒！剎利眾中，身行二種，口、意行二種，身壞命終，受苦樂報。婆羅門種、居士種、首陀羅種，身行二種，口、意行二種，身壞命終，受苦樂報。

“Vāsiṣṭha, the world today has the names of these four castes. The name of the fifth community is ‘ascetic.’ Why is that? Vāsiṣṭha, at some point there was a person in the warrior assembly who was disillusioned with his own teaching. He shaved his hair and beard and put on Dharma robes. This was when the name ‘ascetic’ first appeared. At some point, people from in the priest caste, householder caste, and worker caste had was disillusioned with their own teaching. They shaved their hair and beard and put on the Dharma robe. They were called ‘ascetics.’

“Vāsiṣṭha, there are those in the warrior caste whose physical conduct is unskillful, verbal conduct is unskillful, and mental conduct is unskillful. When their bodies break up and their lives end, they’re surely subject to painful results. There are those in the priest caste, householder caste, and worker caste whose physical conduct is unskillful, verbal conduct is unskillful, and mental conduct is unskillful. When their bodies break up and their lives end, they’ll surely be subject to painful results.

“Vāsiṣṭha, there are those in the warrior caste whose physical conduct is skillful, verbal conduct is skillful, and mental conduct is skillful. When their bodies break up and their lives end, they’ll surely be subject to pleasant results. There are those in the priest caste, householder caste, and worker caste whose physical conduct is skillful, verbal conduct is skillful, and mental conduct is skillful. When their bodies break up and their lives end, they’ll surely be subject to pleasant results.

“Vāsiṣṭha, there are those in the warrior caste whose physical conduct is of both kinds and whose verbal and mental conduct is of both kinds. When their bodies break up and their lives end, they’ll be subject to painful and pleasant results. There are those in priest caste, householder caste, and worker caste whose physical conduct is of both kinds and whose verbal and mental conduct of is both kinds. When their bodies break up and their lives end, they’ll be subject to painful and pleasant results.