大比丘三千威儀 2.2

2.2

十二頭陀者：一者不受人請，日行乞食，亦不受比丘僧一飯食分錢財。二者止宿山上，不宿人舍郡縣聚落。三者不得從人乞衣被，人與衣被亦不受，但取丘塚間死人所棄衣補治衣之。四者止宿野田中樹下。五者一日一食，一名僧迦僧泥。六者晝夜不臥但坐，睡來起經行，一名僧泥沙者傴。七者有三領衣，無有餘衣，亦不臥被中。八者在塚間，不在佛寺中，亦不在人間，目視死人骸骨，坐禪求道。九者但欲獨處不欲見人，亦不欲與人共臥。十者先食菓蓏却食飯，食已不得復食菓。十一者但欲露臥，不在樹下屋宿。十二者不食肉亦不食醍醐，麻油不塗身。

The twelve dhūtas are: First, not accepting personal invitations, begging for food daily, and also not accepting a single share of meals or money from the bhikṣusaṅgha. Second, staying on mountain peaks and not staying overnight in human dwellings, commanderies, counties, or hamlets. Third, not begging clothing or bedding from others, and not accepting clothing or bedding given by others, but only taking garments discarded by the dead in burial mounds and graveyards, mending them to wear. Fourth, staying under trees in open fields. Fifth, eating only one meal a day, also named ekāsanika. Sixth, not lying down day and night but only sitting, rising to perform caṅkramaṇa when drowsy, also named naiṣadyika. Seventh, having only three robes, possessing no extra clothing, and not lying within quilts. Eighth, staying in charnel grounds, neither in Buddhist monasteries nor among worldly settlements, meditating and seeking the Way while gazing upon human corpses and skeletal bones. Ninth, wishing only to dwell alone and not wishing to see people, nor wishing to lie down together with people. Tenth, eating fruits and gourds first and then eating rice, and after eating, being forbidden from eating fruits again. Eleventh, wishing only to lie in the open, not dwelling under trees or in houses. Twelfth, eating neither meat nor ghee, and not smearing the body with sesame oil.