釋摩訶衍論 3.26

3.26

論曰：即是廣說始覺決擇分。此文中有二門。云何為二？一者建立四相門、二者建立隨覺門。四相門中即有四種。云何為四？一者麁重過患四相、二者微細過患四相、三者無常功德四相、四者常住功德四相。麁四相者，即長時故。細四相者，即短時故。無常相者，過患相違始起德故。常住相者，過患相違德常住有故。隨覺門中即有二門。云何為二？一者滿覺門、二者分覺門。滿覺門者，明一覺故。分覺門者，具足顯示覺不覺故。云何名為長時四相？從十信位乃至極解脫道時方究竟離故。云何名為短時四相？因緣有法不過一剎那故。云何名為始起四相？起滅滅滅、起異異異、起住德住、起生德生，是故說言始起四相。翻過患故名為功德。今始起故名為無常。云何名為常住四相？今始起德本來有故。云何名為一種覺耶？覺與不覺無有二故。云何名為覺不覺？覺或受染熏、或不受故。如其次第，說相可觀。此中四相有二次第。云何為二？一者前後次第、二者俱有次第。前後者，彼無時中前後差別故。俱有者，彼有時中前後一時故。彼無時者，據斷時故。彼有時者，據亂時故。俱有次第其相云何？頌曰：

The treatise states: This is the extensive explanation of the section on determining initial awakening. In this text there are two approaches. What are the two? First is the approach of establishing the four characteristics; second is the approach of establishing corresponding awakening. Within the approach of the four characteristics, there are four kinds. What are the four? First are the four characteristics of coarse faults; second are the four characteristics of subtle faults; third are the four characteristics of impermanent virtues; fourth are the four characteristics of eternally abiding virtues. The coarse four characteristics are of long duration. The subtle four characteristics are of short duration. The impermanent characteristics are virtues newly arisen that oppose faults. The eternally abiding characteristics are virtues eternally existent that oppose faults. Within the approach of corresponding awakening, there are two approaches. What are the two? First is the approach of full awakening; second is the approach of partial awakening. The approach of full awakening illuminates one awakening. The approach of partial awakening fully demonstrates awakening and non-awakening. What are called the four characteristics of long duration? Because they are only ultimately abandoned from the ranks of the ten faiths up to the time of the ultimate path of liberation. What are called the four characteristics of short duration? Because dharmas existent through causes and conditions do not exceed a single kṣaṇa. What are called the four newly arisen characteristics? Arising cessation to cease cessation, arising difference to differentiate difference, arising dwelling to dwell in virtue, and arising production to produce virtue; therefore they are called the four newly arisen characteristics. Because they reverse faults, they are called virtues; because they newly arise now, they are called impermanent. What are called the four eternally abiding characteristics? Because the virtues that newly arise now have existed fundamentally. What is called a single awakening? Because awakening and non-awakening are not two. What are called awakening and non-awakening? Because awakening either receives the perfuming of defilement or does not. In their proper order, the characteristics explained can be observed. Herein, the four characteristics have two sequences. What are the two? First is sequential order of before and after; second is simultaneous order. Sequential before and after is because there are distinctions of before and after in their absence of time. Simultaneous order is because before and after are at a single time in their presence of time. Their absence of time is based on the time of severance; their presence of time is based on the time of confusion. What are the characteristics of the simultaneous order? A verse states: