大般若波羅蜜多經般若理趣分述讚 2.79

2.79

The Commentary states: This is the fourth [section], on the distinct virtues of the marks and secondary signs. Now, relying on fascicle 381 of the Mahāprajñāpāramitā Sūtra: "The Buddha said: 'Subhūti! What are the Tathāgata, Arhat, Perfectly Complete Buddha's thirty-two marks of a great man? Subhūti! The soles of the World-Honoured One's feet have the mark of being flat and full, standing wonderfully and well like the base of a casket; though the ground may be high or low, wherever his feet step it is entirely level, with nowhere not touched equally: this is the first. The soles of the World-Honoured One's feet have the marks of thousand-spoked wheels with rims and hubs, none not complete: this is the second. The World-Honoured One's hands and feet are all soft like tuḷa cotton, surpassing all: this is the third. Between each of the fingers and toes of the World-Honoured One's hands and feet, there is a web like that of a king of geese, interlaced with golden colour, patterned like fine embroidery: this is the fourth. All the fingers and toes of the World-Honoured One's hands and feet are round, full, slender, and long, extremely delightful: this is the fifth. The World-Honoured One's heels are broad, long, and rounded, matching his insteps, surpassing other sentient beings: this is the sixth. The World-Honoured One's insteps are high, filled out, soft, wonderfully fine, and match his heels: this is the seventh. The World-Honoured One's shanks are gradually slender and rounded, like the shanks of the aiṇeya deer-king: this is the eighth. The World-Honoured One's arms are long, straight, well-proportioned, and round, like an elephant king's trunk, touching his knees while standing upright: this is the ninth. The World-Honoured One's private organ is hidden in a sheath, like that of a dragon-horse or an elephant king: this is the tenth. Each pore of the World-Honoured One grows a single hair, soft, lustrous, dark blue, curling to the right: this is the eleventh. The tips of the World-Honoured One's body hair all point upward, curling to the right, soft, lustrous, and dark blue, adorning his golden body, extremely delightful: this is the twelfth. The World-Honoured One's skin is fine, thin, smooth, and lustrous, where dust, dirt, water, and so forth never remain: this is the thirteenth. The skin of the World-Honoured One's body is of a pure golden hue, radiant, pure, and dazzling like a fine golden terrace adorned with myriad gems, which all delight to behold: this is the fourteenth. The seven places on the World-Honoured One—the two feet, two palms of the hands, neck, and two shoulders—are fully filled out: this is the fifteenth. The World-Honoured One's shoulders and neck are rounded and extraordinary: this is the sixteenth. The World-Honoured One's armpits and shoulders are completely full: this is the seventeenth. The World-Honoured One's deportment is grand, full, upright, and straight: this is the eighteenth. The World-Honoured One's bodily form is tall, broad, upright, and majestic: this is the nineteenth. The height and breadth of the World-Honoured One's body are equal and completely rounded all about, like a nyagrodha tree: this is the twentieth. The World-Honoured One's chin, chest, and upper half of his body have a vast majesty like a lion king: this is the twenty-first. The World-Honoured One's constant radiance extends one fathom on each side: this is the twenty-second. The World-Honoured One's teeth number forty, even and level, clean, close-set, deeply rooted, and whiter than a conch or snow: this is the twenty-third. The World-Honoured One's four canine teeth are bright white and sharp: this is the twenty-fourth. The World-Honoured One constantly attains the supreme of tastes, because the channels in his throat are straight, capable of drawing the supreme taste from the channels of all limbs throughout his body, unimpeded by diseases of wind, heat, or phlegm; because they are unimpeded, the channels are free from faults such as sinking, floating, stretching, shrinking, damage, or crooked blockage, enabling him to swallow properly and allow fluids to flow freely, so his body and mind are comfortable and constantly obtain the supreme taste: this is the twenty-fifth. The World-Honoured One's tongue is thin, pure, broad, and long, able to cover the face up to the ears and hairline: this is the twenty-sixth. The World-Honoured One's Brahmā voice is harmonious and elegant in tone and rhythm, heard equally by all regardless of the size of the assembly; its sound reverberates grandly like a celestial drum, and its speech is gentle and graceful like the voice of a kalaviṅka: this is the twenty-seventh. The World-Honoured One's eyelashes are like those of a king of cattle, dark blue, even, neat, and unentangled: this is the twenty-eighth. The World-Honoured One's eyes are dark blue and bright white, adorned with red rings, clear and distinct: this is the twenty-ninth. The disc of the World-Honoured One's face is like the full moon, and his eyebrows are bright and pure like the bow of the Lord of the Devas: this is the thirtieth. Between the World-Honoured One's eyebrows there is a white tuft of hair, curling to the right, soft as tuḷa cotton, brilliantly white and pure, surpassing conch and snow: this is the thirty-first. Upon the crown of the World-Honoured One's head is an uṣṇīṣa, prominent, lofty, and completely round like a celestial parasol: this is the thirty-second. Subhūti! These are called the thirty-two marks of a great man. Subhūti! What are the Tathāgata, Arhat, Perfectly Complete Buddha's eighty secondary signs? Subhūti! The World-Honoured One's fingernails and toenails are narrow, long, thin, moist, bright, lustrous, and pure as copper blossoms: this is the first. The fingers and toes of the World-Honoured One's hands and feet are round, slender, long, well-proportioned, straight, soft, and their knuckles do not protrude: this is the second. The World-Honoured One's hands and feet are each equal and without disparity, and are completely full and close-set between the digits: this is the third. The World-Honoured One's hands and feet are rounded as desired, soft, pure, lustrous, and colored like lotus flowers: this is the fourth. The World-Honoured One's sinews and veins are firmly entwined, deeply concealed, and not visible: this is the fifth. Both of the World-Honoured One's ankles are concealed and not visible: this is the sixth. The World-Honoured One's walking steps advance straight, poised, and deliberate like a king of dragons and elephants: this is the seventh. The World-Honoured One's walking steps are dignified, solemn, and composed like a lion king: this is the eighth. The World-Honoured One's walking steps are steady, poised, orderly, neither excessive nor deficient, like a bull king: this is the ninth. The World-Honoured One's manner in walking, advancing, and halting is elegant like a king of geese: this is the tenth. When the World-Honoured One looks back, he always turns to the right, his entire body turning like a king of dragons and elephants: this is the eleventh. The World-Honoured One's limbs and joints are progressively well-proportioned, rounded, and wonderfully arranged: this is the twelfth. The World-Honoured One's skeletal joints are interlocking without gaps, like a coiling dragon: this is the thirteenth. The discs of the World-Honoured One's knees are wonderfully arranged, firm, and rounded: this is the fourteenth. The markings on the World-Honoured One's private parts are wonderful, fully endowed with majesty, rounded, and pure: this is the fifteenth. The limbs of the World-Honoured One's body are smooth, moist, soft, bright, joyful, fresh, clean, and unstained by dust or dirt: this is the sixteenth. The World-Honoured One's bodily deportment is solemn, fearless, and never faint-hearted: this is the seventeenth. The limbs of the World-Honoured One's body are firm, dense, and well joined together: this is the eighteenth. The limbs of the World-Honoured One's body are steady, grave, never fidgeting, fully complete, and indestructible: this is the nineteenth. The World-Honoured One's bodily form is like a king of seers, dignified and majestic all around, bright, pure, and free of blemish: this is the twentieth. The World-Honoured One's body has a circular halo all around, which constantly illuminates on its own when walking and so forth: this is the twenty-first. The shape of the World-Honoured One's belly is square, regular, without deficiency, soft, not protruding, and adorned with myriad marks: this is the twenty-second. The World-Honoured One's navel is deep, curling to the right, round, wonderful, pure, and lustrous: this is the twenty-third. The World-Honoured One's navel is thick, neither sunken nor protruding, and wonderfully fine all around: this is the twenty-fourth. The World-Honoured One's skin is free from scabies and ringworm, and also without defects such as black moles and warts: this is the twenty-fifth. The World-Honoured One's palms are full and soft, and the soles of his feet are flat: this is the twenty-sixth. The lines of the World-Honoured One's hands are deep, long, clear, straight, moist, and unbroken: this is the twenty-seventh. The colour of the World-Honoured One's lips is lustrous, red, and radiant like bimba fruit, with upper and lower matching: this is the twenty-eighth. The World-Honoured One's mouth is neither long nor short, neither large nor small, properly proportioned and dignified: this is the twenty-ninth. The World-Honoured One's tongue is soft, thin, broad, and long, copper-red in colour: this is the thirtieth. When the World-Honoured One utters a sound, it resounds with majesty, deep and far-reaching, like the roar of an elephant king, distinct and clear: this is the thirty-first. The tones of the World-Honoured One's voice are fully endowed with beauty, like an echo in a deep valley: this is the thirty-second. The World-Honoured One's nose is high, long, and straight, and his nostrils are not visible: this is the thirty-third. The World-Honoured One's teeth are square, regular, bright, and white: this is the thirty-fourth. The World-Honoured One's canine teeth are round, white, bright, clean, and progressively sharp: this is the thirty-fifth. The World-Honoured One's eyes are pure, with the blue and white distinctly separated: this is the thirty-sixth. The World-Honoured One's eyes are long and broad, like the petals of a blue lotus, extremely delightful: this is the thirty-seventh. The World-Honoured One's upper and lower eyelashes are even, dense, and not white: this is the thirty-eighth. Both of the World-Honoured One's eyebrows are long, not white, dense, fine, and soft: this is the thirty-ninth. Both of the World-Honoured One's eyebrows are graceful, well-ordered, and of the colour of dark blue vaiḍūrya: this is the fortieth. Both of the World-Honoured One's eyebrows are prominent, lustrous, and shaped like the full moon: this is the forty-first. The World-Honoured One's ears are thick, broad, long, and fully endowed with earlobes: this is the forty-second. Both of the World-Honoured One's ears are beautiful, even, and free from all faults: this is the forty-third. The World-Honoured One's deportment causes beholders to give rise to love and reverence without feeling harmed or defiled: this is the forty-fourth. The World-Honoured One's forehead is broad, round, flat, even, and of extraordinary shape: this is the forty-fifth. The upper half of the World-Honoured One's body is rounded and full, with matchless majesty like a lion king: this is the forty-sixth. The hair on the World-Honoured One's head is long, dark blue, dense, and not white: this is the forty-seventh. The hair on the World-Honoured One's head is fragrant, clean, fine, soft, lustrous, and curling: this is the forty-eighth. The hair on the World-Honoured One's head is even, neat, untangled, and not disorderly: this is the forty-ninth. The hair on the World-Honoured One's head is firm, unbroken, and never falls out: this is the fiftieth. The hair on the World-Honoured One's head is glossy, extraordinary, and unstained by dust or dirt: this is the fifty-first. The parts of the World-Honoured One's body are firm and solid, surpassing Nārāyaṇa: this is the fifty-second. The World-Honoured One's body is tall, large, upright, and straight: this is the fifty-third. The apertures of the World-Honoured One's body are pure, rounded, and fine: this is the fifty-fourth. The strength of the World-Honoured One's limbs is extraordinary, with none to equal it: this is the fifty-fifth. Sentient beings delight in beholding the World-Honoured One's bodily marks, never satiated: this is the fifty-sixth. The disc of the World-Honoured One's face is appropriately long and broad, luminous, clean, and bright like the autumn full moon: this is the fifty-seventh. The expression of the World-Honoured One's countenance is relaxed and radiant, greeting others with a smile before speaking, facing them directly and never turning away: this is the fifty-eighth. The World-Honoured One's facial expression is lustrous, cheerful, and peaceful, free from faults such as frowning, lividness, or redness: this is the fifty-ninth. The limbs of the World-Honoured One's body are pure, spotless, and permanently free of foul odour: this is the sixtieth. All the pores of the World-Honoured One constantly emit an exquisite fragrance as desired: this is the sixty-first. The World-Honoured One's mouth constantly emits a supreme and extraordinary fragrance: this is the sixty-second. The crown of the World-Honoured One's head is completely round and wonderful, like a madana fruit or a celestial parasol: this is the sixty-third. The hair on the World-Honoured One's body is dark blue, bright, and pure like a peacock's neck, adorned with reddish radiance resembling copper: this is the sixty-fourth. The World-Honoured One's Dharma voice conforms to the size of the assembly, neither increasing nor decreasing, matching the principle without error: this is the sixty-fifth. The mark of the crown of the World-Honoured One's head is invisible to all: this is the sixty-sixth. The lines on the fingers and toes of the World-Honoured One's hands and feet are distinct, ornate, wonderful, and like the colour of red copper: this is the sixty-seventh. When the World-Honoured One walks, his feet remain four finger-breadths above the ground, yet leave imprinted designs: this is the sixty-eighth. The World-Honoured One maintains himself without needing others to guard him; his body does not sway, nor does it wander: this is the sixty-ninth. The World-Honoured One's majestic virtue resounds far and wide among all; those with evil minds see him and rejoice, and those in terror see him and find peace: this is the seventieth. The World-Honoured One's voice is neither too loud nor too low; he speaks pleasantly in accordance with the minds of sentient beings: this is the seventy-first. The World-Honoured One can preach the Dharma in accordance with the dialects, sounds, and inclinations of sentient beings: this is the seventy-second. With a single voice, the World-Honoured One proclaims the true Dharma, enabling each kind of sentient being to attain understanding: this is the seventy-third. When the World-Honoured One expounds the Dharma, he always follows an orderly sequence, invariably based on cause and condition, and his words are never unwholesome: this is the seventy-fourth. The World-Honoured One views all sentient beings with equanimity, praising good and censuring evil without love or hatred: this is the seventy-fifth. In whatever the World-Honoured One does, he observes first and acts afterwards, fully endowed with proper conduct so as to cause others to recognize purity and goodness: this is the seventy-sixth. No sentient being can see to the end of the World-Honoured One's marks and secondary signs: this is the seventy-seventh. The bone at the crown of the World-Honoured One's head is solid, firm, and fully rounded: this is the seventy-eighth. The World-Honoured One's countenance is ever youthful and unaging, and he is fond of visiting old places: this is the seventy-ninth. On the World-Honoured One's hands, feet, and before his chest, there are the auspicious marks of the svastika, patterned like fine embroidery and reddish vermilion in colour: this is the eightieth. Subhūti! These are called the eighty secondary signs. Subhūti! Because the Tathāgata, Arhat, Perfectly Complete Buddha has accomplished such marks and signs, the light of his body naturally illuminates the three-thousand great thousandfold world sphere, everywhere without exception. When he directs his attention, he can universally illuminate measureless, boundless, and countless worlds. Yet out of compassion for sentient beings, he restrains his light to constantly illuminate one fathom on each side. If he were to unleash the light of his body, all lights such as those of the sun and moon would constantly fail to appear, and sentient beings would not know the day, night, half-month, hour, season, or year, and their work could not be accomplished. The Buddha's voice naturally pervades the three-thousand great thousandfold world sphere; when he directs his attention, it can pervade measureless, boundless, and countless worlds. Yet for the benefit and happiness of sentient beings, his voice accords with the size of the assembly, neither diminishing nor increasing. Subhūti! Such virtues and benefits I was already able to accomplish formerly, while in the bodhisattva stage practicing the perfection of wisdom; therefore, now my marks and signs are fully rounded and adorned, and all sentient beings who behold them rejoice, all obtaining supreme benefit and peace. Thus, Subhūti! When a bodhisattva mahāsattva practices the profound perfection of wisdom, he can gather sentient beings through the two kinds of giving—material wealth and Dharma. This is an extremely marvelous and rare dharma.'"