金剛般若經贊述 1.44

1.44

「比丘」者，此有五義。一、怖魔，創心出家，四魔怖故。二、乞士，以乞自活，齊自他故。三、淨命，離五邪命，正三業故。五邪命者，一、為利養故而現希奇，如坐行人念數珠等；二、為利養故自說己德；三、為利養故占相吉凶；四、為利養故高聲現威；五、為得利養故說先所得以動人心。四、持戒性，威儀曾不缺故。五、破惡，修道獲果，斷煩惱故。

'Bhikṣu' has five meanings: First, frightening Māra: when first resolving to go forth, the four Māras are frightened. Second, mendicant: sustaining oneself by alms, equalizing self and others. Third, pure livelihood: leaving behind the five wrong livelihoods and rectifying the three karmas. The five wrong livelihoods are: 1. displaying the extraordinary for the sake of material gain, such as a practitioner sitting and counting prayer beads; 2. speaking of one's own virtues for the sake of material gain; 3. divining good and bad fortune for the sake of material gain; 4. speaking in a loud voice to display authority for the sake of material gain; 5. speaking of what was previously gained in order to sway people's minds for the sake of material gain. Fourth, keeping the precepts: deportment is never deficient. Fifth, destroying evil: cultivating the path, obtaining the fruit, and severing afflictions.