仁王護國般若經疏 2.47

2.47

初中更五：一讚佛德、二現瑞時節、三正住十地、四入大寂定、五思緣現瑞。今初。言「爾時」者，當爾之時也。「十號」者，教主之德。德凡有四：一十號德、二三明德、三斷德、四智德。今初。言十號者，一是如來、二應供、三正遍知、四明行足、五善逝、六世間解、七無上士、八調御丈夫、九天人師、十佛世尊，是十號之數也云云。次歎三明德，以明鑒三世也。次歎斷德，謂「大滅諦」，簡非小滅，故言大也。「金剛智」者，次歎佛智德。「釋迦牟尼佛」者，上明通號及德，今明別號也。然佛種姓出處不同，或姓剎利、或婆羅門。今姓釋迦者，此云能仁。如《長阿含》說：昔梵摩穀王四子有過，徙向雪山，令自存活。四子至彼，民歸如市。王歎四子：「我子能仁，能自存活。」因此姓釋。佛第四祖已來始姓釋也，本姓瞿曇，或甘庶種、或日種、或牛糞種云云。「牟尼者」名也，此云寂默，三業俱寂默也。

In the first there are further five parts: first, praising the Buddha's virtues; second, the season of manifesting omens; third, correctly abiding in the daśabhūmi; fourth, entering the samādhi of great silence; fifth, reflecting on conditions and manifesting omens. Now, the first. The words “At that time” mean at that very time. “Ten Epithets” refers to the virtues of the master of the teaching. The virtues are four in all: first, the virtues of the ten epithets; second, the virtues of the three clarities; third, the virtue of severance; fourth, the virtue of wisdom. Now, the first. As for the ten epithets: first is Tathāgata, second Arhat, third Samyak-saṃbuddha, fourth Vidyā-caraṇa-saṃpanna, fifth Sugata, sixth Lokavid, seventh Anuttara-puruṣa, eighth Puruṣa-damya-sārathi, ninth Śāstā deva-manuṣyāṇām, tenth Buddha-lokanātha; this is the enumeration of the ten epithets, and so forth. Next is praising the virtues of the three clarities, as they clearly illuminate the three periods of time. Next is praising the virtue of severance, referring to the “truth of great cessation,” which distinguishes it from lesser cessation, and so is called “great.” “Diamond wisdom” next praises the Buddha's virtue of wisdom. “Śākyamuni Buddha”: above clarified the universal epithets and virtues, and now clarifies the specific name. The clans and origins of buddhas are different: some belong to the kṣatriya clan, and some to the brāhmaṇa clan. Now his clan is Śākya, which is translated here as “Capable of Benevolence.” As the Dīrghāgama says: Formerly the four sons of King Brahmagau had faults and were banished toward the Snowy Mountains, ordered to survive on their own. When the four sons arrived there, the people gathered to them like a marketplace. The king praised the four sons: “My sons are capable of benevolence, able to survive on their own.” Because of this, their clan was named Śākya. Only from the Buddha's fourth ancestor onward did they begin to take the clan name Śākya; originally their clan was Gautama, also called the Sugarcane Clan, or the Solar Clan, or the Cow Dung Clan, and so forth. “Muni” is a personal name, translated here as “Silent,” meaning that the three karmas are all silent.