仁王護國般若經疏 2.47

2.47

In the first there are further five parts: first, praising the Buddha's virtues; second, the season of manifesting omens; third, correctly abiding in the daśabhūmi; fourth, entering the samādhi of great silence; fifth, reflecting on conditions and manifesting omens. Now, the first. The words “At that time” mean at that very time. “Ten Epithets” refers to the virtues of the master of the teaching. The virtues are four in all: first, the virtues of the ten epithets; second, the virtues of the three clarities; third, the virtue of severance; fourth, the virtue of wisdom. Now, the first. As for the ten epithets: first is Tathāgata, second Arhat, third Samyak-saṃbuddha, fourth Vidyā-caraṇa-saṃpanna, fifth Sugata, sixth Lokavid, seventh Anuttara-puruṣa, eighth Puruṣa-damya-sārathi, ninth Śāstā deva-manuṣyāṇām, tenth Buddha-lokanātha; this is the enumeration of the ten epithets, and so forth. Next is praising the virtues of the three clarities, as they clearly illuminate the three periods of time. Next is praising the virtue of severance, referring to the “truth of great cessation,” which distinguishes it from lesser cessation, and so is called “great.” “Diamond wisdom” next praises the Buddha's virtue of wisdom. “Śākyamuni Buddha”: above clarified the universal epithets and virtues, and now clarifies the specific name. The clans and origins of buddhas are different: some belong to the kṣatriya clan, and some to the brāhmaṇa clan. Now his clan is Śākya, which is translated here as “Capable of Benevolence.” As the Dīrghāgama says: Formerly the four sons of King Brahmagau had faults and were banished toward the Snowy Mountains, ordered to survive on their own. When the four sons arrived there, the people gathered to them like a marketplace. The king praised the four sons: “My sons are capable of benevolence, able to survive on their own.” Because of this, their clan was named Śākya. Only from the Buddha's fourth ancestor onward did they begin to take the clan name Śākya; originally their clan was Gautama, also called the Sugarcane Clan, or the Solar Clan, or the Cow Dung Clan, and so forth. “Muni” is a personal name, translated here as “Silent,” meaning that the three karmas are all silent.