仁王護國般若經疏 1.26

1.26

Explaining the dwelling place has three parts: first, explaining "dwelling"; next, explaining the royal city; afterwards, explaining the mountain. The Buddha is endowed with the three bodies and has eight dwelling places. The response body has four dwellings: first, dwelling of lifespan, which refers to the five-part Dharma body and so forth; second, dwelling of dependence, which refers to the royal city, Gṛdhrakūṭa Mountain, and so forth; third, dwelling of boundary, which refers to the realm of the trichiliocosm; fourth, dwelling of deportment, which refers to walking, standing, sitting, and lying down. The reward body has three dwellings: first, celestial dwelling, dwelling in the six desire heavens; second, brahma dwelling, dwelling in the four dhyāna heavens; third, noble dwelling, dwelling in emptiness, signlessness, and wishlessness. The Dharma body has one dwelling: dwelling in the emptiness of the supreme truth, and so forth. In terms of the teachings: the Buddha of the Tripiṭaka [teaching] enters truth from the approach of analysis, knows the uncontaminated, and dwells in the two nirvāṇas of with remainder and without remainder; the Buddha of the shared [teaching] enters truth from the approach of identity with the essence and dwells in the two nirvāṇas; the Buddha of the distinctive [teaching] dwells in the secret treasury from the sequential approach; the Buddha of the perfect [teaching] dwells in the secret treasury from the non-sequential approach. Second, explaining the city. Preserving the Sanskrit phonetics fully, it should be called Luoyueqi Mohe Jialuo (Rājagṛha Mahānagara). Luoyueqi here is translated as "royal residence" (Rājagṛha); Mohe here is translated as "great" (mahā); Jialuo here is translated as "city" (nagara). The name of the country is Magadha, translated here as "not harming people", meaning it has no law of wanton killing. It is also called Mojieti, translated here as Tianluo (net of heaven); Tianluo was the father of Kalmāṣapāda (Spotted-feet). Long ago in ancient times, this ruler presided over a thousand small countries. At that time, while the king was hunting, he encountered a lioness and copulated with her. Later, when the months were complete, she came into the king's palace and gave birth to a child. The king carefully verified that it was his child, and made an edict, saying: "I had no son; heaven has granted me a son." He raised him to adulthood; because his feet were mottled, people of the time called him Spotted-feet. Later he succeeded to the royal throne and took great pleasure in eating meat. On one occasion meat was suddenly lacking, so they took a newly deceased infant from the west of the city to supply the king's meal. The king found it very delicious and ordered that this be the regular standard. Thenceforth the cooks killed one person each day; the poison spread throughout the world, and the entire country grew resentful. The kings of the thousand small countries raised an army to attack him, exiling him to the five mountains. Rākṣasas flanked and aided him so that he became a ghost king; thereupon he made a vow to the mountain spirit: "Only when I kill a thousand kings will my wish be fulfilled." Through his supernatural power he captured the kings; only King Samantaprabhāsa was captured later. As he was about to slaughter them to sacrifice to the mountain spirit, King Samantaprabhāsa wept with grief and regret, and spoke these words: "All my life I have spoken truth, yet today I breach my trust." Spotted-feet asked, "What trust do you seek?" Samantaprabhāsa answered, "I promised to conduct a great giving." Spotted-feet told him: "I release you to conduct the giving; when the matter is finished, come to me." Delighted, Samantaprabhāsa returned to his home country far away, held a great assembly of giving, entrusted the government to the crown prince, and with peaceful mind and joyful countenance crawled back to meet his death. Spotted-feet asked: "The gate of death is difficult to face. Since you succeeded in leaving, why did you return on your own?" King Samantaprabhāsa then expounded the mind of loving-kindness at length to Spotted-feet, reviled killing, and further showed that everything is impermanent. Spotted-feet heard and had faith; he attained equality of emptiness and dwelt on the first stage (prathamabhūmi). Gathering the thousand kings together, he took one drop of blood and three strands of hair from each to fulfil his vow to the mountain spirit; thereupon he built a city and erected houses together with the thousand kings in the five mountains, forming a flourishing great state where they took turns administering the government. Because a thousand kings dwelt there, it was called the Royal Residence (Rājagṛha). Furthermore, the common people in the city had their houses built seven times and burnt down seven times, while the king's residence alone escaped. The crown prince issued an order: "From this day forward, even the houses of the common people shall all be called 'royal residences' (rājagṛha), and thus they shall avoid the disaster of fire." The entire land complied with the order, and they were then spared from burning; thus the houses of the common people were all called royal residences, and so forth. It is also said to mean "royal pardon", because King Samantaprabhāsa pardoned the thousand kings, hence it was called the Royal Pardon. Moreover, this city was jointly constructed by the Four Heavenly Kings, hence it was called the Royal Residence. Furthermore, the king of Magadha gave birth to a son with one head, two faces, and four hands; deeming it inauspicious, he tore his body and head apart, wanting to cast them into the wilds. There was a female rākṣasa ghost named Līlā who joined his body back together and nurtured him with milk. When he grew to adulthood, his strength surpassed that of all countries; he took eighty-four thousand kings and placed them within the five mountains, establishing a city and governing. Because many kings dwelt there, it was called the Royal Residence, and so forth. Moreover, Magadha is called the "place that holds the nectar"; it has twelve cities: first, the great city of Ujjayinī; second, the great city of Puṇḍravardhana; third, the great city of Ahicchatra; fourth, the great city of Plakṣa; fifth, the great city of Rājagṛha; sixth, the great city of Śrāvastī; seventh, the great city of Vārāṇasī; eighth, the great city of Kapilavastu; ninth, the city of Campā; tenth, the city of Sāketa; eleventh, the city of Kauśāmbī; twelfth, the city of Kuru. Among these twelve cities, [the Buddha] dwelt little in the latter six and dwelt much in the former six. Furthermore, among the former six cities, he dwelt much in Rājagṛha to repay the debt of kindness to the Dharma body, and dwelt little in the city of Śrāvastī to repay the debt of kindness to the physical body. As for "residence" (vihāra), within Rājagṛha there are six vihāras: first, the Bamboo Grove Vihāra, on flat ground, constructed by the elder Kalandaka, thirty li northwest of the city; second, the Vihāra of Mount Mandara; third, the Vihāra of Saptaparṇaguha Mountain; fourth, the Vihāra of Indraguha Mountain; fifth, the Vihāra of Sarpaśoṇḍaguha Mountain; sixth, the Gṛdhrakūṭa Mountain Vihāra.