仁王護國般若波羅蜜多經疏 3.69

3.69

解曰：生老病死者，此有四苦。憂悲苦惱者，於欲界中隨遇苦緣，種種憂悲逼切故惱。下之兩句明其四苦。怨者，怨憎會苦。親者，愛別離苦。言逼迫者，五盛陰苦，謂五蘊身生滅遷流，逼迫性故。能與願違者，求不得苦也。又生老病死五盛陰苦，此流轉苦，通於三界，是行苦故。怨憎愛別，此相違苦，是苦苦攝，唯欲界故。求不得苦，此之受用，是壞苦攝，亦唯欲界；依樂受者，亦通色界。從此第二明苦因果。

Exposition: 'Birth, old age, sickness, and death' are the four sufferings. 'Sorrow, grief, pain, and anguish' means that in the desire realm, whenever one encounters conditions of suffering, one is distressed because various sorrows and griefs press upon one. The lower two lines clarify the [other] four sufferings. 'Enemies' refers to the suffering of being united with what is disliked. 'Loved ones' refers to the suffering of separation from what is loved. 'Pressured' refers to the suffering of the five clinging-aggregates, meaning that the body of the five aggregates arises, perishes, transitions, and flows, having an oppressive nature. 'Capacities contrary to desires' is the suffering of not getting what one seeks. Furthermore, birth, old age, sickness, death, and the suffering of the five clinging-aggregates are the suffering of saṃsāra, which extends through all three realms because they are suffering of conditioned existence (saṃskāra-duḥkhatā). Separation from loved ones and association with enemies are contradictory suffering, subsumed under the suffering of pain (duḥkha-duḥkhatā), and exist only in the desire realm. The suffering of not getting what one seeks pertains to enjoyment and is subsumed under the suffering of change (vipariṇāma-duḥkhatā), which is likewise only in the desire realm; relying on pleasant sensations, it also extends to the form realm. From here, the second part explains the cause and result of suffering.