仁王護國般若波羅蜜多經疏 3.69

3.69

Exposition: 'Birth, old age, sickness, and death' are the four sufferings. 'Sorrow, grief, pain, and anguish' means that in the desire realm, whenever one encounters conditions of suffering, one is distressed because various sorrows and griefs press upon one. The lower two lines clarify the [other] four sufferings. 'Enemies' refers to the suffering of being united with what is disliked. 'Loved ones' refers to the suffering of separation from what is loved. 'Pressured' refers to the suffering of the five clinging-aggregates, meaning that the body of the five aggregates arises, perishes, transitions, and flows, having an oppressive nature. 'Capacities contrary to desires' is the suffering of not getting what one seeks. Furthermore, birth, old age, sickness, death, and the suffering of the five clinging-aggregates are the suffering of saṃsāra, which extends through all three realms because they are suffering of conditioned existence (saṃskāra-duḥkhatā). Separation from loved ones and association with enemies are contradictory suffering, subsumed under the suffering of pain (duḥkha-duḥkhatā), and exist only in the desire realm. The suffering of not getting what one seeks pertains to enjoyment and is subsumed under the suffering of change (vipariṇāma-duḥkhatā), which is likewise only in the desire realm; relying on pleasant sensations, it also extends to the form realm. From here, the second part explains the cause and result of suffering.