妙法蓮華經玄義 10.14

10.14

三者、定林柔、次二師，及道場觀法師，明頓與不定同前，更判漸為五時教，即開善光宅所用也。四時不異前，更約無相之後、同歸之前，指《淨名》、《思益》諸方等經，為褒貶抑揚教。

Third, the two masters Rou and Ci of Dinglin and Dharma Master Guan of Daochang clarified that the sudden and the indeterminate are the same as before, and further distinguished the gradual into teachings of five periods, which is what was used by Kaishan and Guangzhai. The four periods do not differ from before, but after [the teaching] without characteristics and before [the teaching of] identical return, they pointed to the various vaipulya sūtras such as the Vimalakīrtinirdeśa-sūtra and Viśeṣacintibrahmaparipṛcchā-sūtra as the teaching of praising and blaming, suppressing and exalting.