妙法蓮華經玄義 4.2

4.2

定聖行者，略為三：一、世間禪。二、出世禪。三、上上禪。世禪復二：一、根本味禪：隱沒、有垢、無記。二、根本淨禪：不隱沒、無垢、有記。根本者，世、出世法之根本也。《大品》云：「諸佛成道，轉法輪，入涅槃，悉在禪中。」若能深觀根本，出生勝妙上定，故稱根本也。隱沒者，闇證無觀慧也。有垢者，地地生愛味也。無記者，境界不分明也。此有三品：謂禪也、等也、空也。即十二門禪也。

The holy practice of concentration is briefly threefold: first, worldly dhyāna; second, world-transcending dhyāna; third, supreme world-transcending dhyāna. Worldly dhyāna is again twofold: first, fundamental savor-dhyāna: submerged, defiled, and indeterminate; second, fundamental pure dhyāna: non-submerged, undefiled, and determinate. 'Fundamental' means the foundation of worldly and world-transcending dharmas. The Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikā says: 'All buddhas achieve awakening, turn the wheel of the Dharma, and enter nirvāṇa, all within dhyāna.' If one can deeply contemplate the fundamental, it gives rise to superior, subtle, supreme concentrations; hence it is called 'fundamental'. 'Submerged' means dark realization without contemplative wisdom. 'Defiled' means generating attachment and savoring stage by stage. 'Indeterminate' means the objective realms are not clearly distinct. This has three grades: namely dhyāna, [four] immeasurables, and [four] formless concentrations; that is, the twelve door dhyānas.