妙法蓮華經玄義 4.6

4.6

行人欲出色籠，修四空定。滅色存心，心心相依，故名四空。方便者，須訶色是苦本，饑渴寒熱，色為苦聚；讚空為淨妙，離諸逼迫，過一切色，與空定相應，不苦不樂，倍更增長。於深定中，唯見虛空，無諸色相，心無分散。復次，得空定故，出過色界，故名過一切色相；空法持心，種種諸色不得起，故名滅有對相；已得空定，決定能捨色法，不憶戀故，名不念種種色相（云云）。訶下攀上，皆有方便，委在《禪門》（云云）。根本味禪竟。

A practitioner wishing to escape the cage of form cultivates the four formless concentrations. Destroying form and preserving mind, mind and mind mutually relying, they are therefore named the four formless [concentrations]. As for the expedients: one must reproach form as the root of suffering—hunger, thirst, cold, and heat, form being a mass of suffering; praise space as pure and subtle, free from all oppressions, transcending all form; and when corresponding with the concentration of space, neither suffering nor pleasure increases doubly. Within deep concentration, one sees only empty space without any characteristics of form, the mind free from dispersion. Furthermore, because one attains the concentration of space, one transcends the form realm, hence it is called 'transcending all characteristics of form'; the dharma of space holds the mind so that various forms cannot arise, hence it is called 'destroying characteristics of resistance'; having already attained the concentration of space, one is definitely able to relinquish form dharmas without recollecting or longing for them, hence it is called 'not attending to various characteristics of form', and so forth. Reproaching the lower and aspiring to the higher all have expedients, detailed in the Gate of Dhyāna, and so forth. This concludes fundamental savor-dhyāna.