妙法蓮華經玄義 8.93

8.93

一、出異名者，實相之體秖是一法，佛說種種名，亦名妙有、真善妙色、實際、畢竟空、如如、涅槃、虛空佛性、如來藏、中實理心、非有非無中道、第一義諦、微妙寂滅等。無量異名悉是實相之別號，實相亦是諸名之異號耳。惑者迷滯，執名異解。經云：「無智疑悔，則為永失。」小乘論師專於名相而起諍競，非法毀人，世代倣斆，為法怨讎。大乘學者亦復如是，學妙有者，自稱至極，聞畢竟空而生誹謗，不受其法，不耐其人；學畢竟空者，自類朋聚，引正向己、推邪與他。皆不識天主千名，聞釋提桓因而喜，聞舍脂夫而恚，恭敬帝釋，慢辱拘翼，將恐其福不補其失。實相亦爾，同是一法，豈可謗一信一耶？

First, listing the different names: the substance of the real mark is merely a single dharma, yet the Buddha spoke of it by various names. It is also called wondrous existence, true good wondrous form, the limit of reality (bhūta-koṭi), ultimate emptiness, suchness (tathatā), nirvāṇa, empty-space buddha-nature, tathāgatagarbha, the mind of the middle and real principle, the middle way neither existing nor non-existing, the truth of supreme meaning (paramārtha-satya), wondrous quietude and extinction, and so forth. Measureless different names are all alternative designations for the real mark, and the real mark is likewise an alternative designation for these various names. The deluded are confused and stagnant, clinging to names and producing divergent interpretations. The sūtra says: 'Without wisdom, doubts and regrets lead to eternal loss.' The treatise masters of the small vehicle specialized in names and characteristics and gave rise to contentions, disparaging people with non-Dharma, imitating one another generation after generation, becoming enemies of the Dharma. Mahāyāna scholars are also like this: those studying wondrous existence claim to have the utmost peak, and hearing of ultimate emptiness they give rise to slander, not accepting its dharma and intolerant of its people; those studying ultimate emptiness gather their own factions, claiming correctness for themselves and assigning falsity to others. They all fail to recognize the Lord of Heaven's thousand names: hearing 'Śakra Devendra' they rejoice, but hearing 'Husband of Śacī' they become angry; they revere Indra, yet despise and insult Kauśika—it is to be feared that their merit will not compensate for their offense. The real mark is also like this: being the same single dharma, how could one slander one and believe in another?