妙法蓮華經玄義 9.82

9.82

五、麁妙者，正實相中傍正異名者，此乃異名異義，其體本同，此無麁妙。但傍為麁，傍含正，正帶傍，一往亦為麁，但正為妙也。藏、通名同義同而體別，一向是麁。別名義或同或異，教門異為麁，體同為妙；名義同，名義異，而體同為妙。歷五味中，麁妙可知也。開麁者，即開於傍也。或開傍教即正教，佛昔於菩薩前毀訾聲聞，然佛實以大乘而見教化。或開傍行即正行，「汝等所行是菩薩道」。或開傍人即正人，客作人一日之價，即長者子也。或開傍體即正體，開方便門示真實相，後見此貧人，示以所繫珠。深觀傍理，即正理也。一切皆妙，無麁可待，即經之正意也。

Fifth, regarding the crude and the subtle: among the secondary and primary variant names within the primary real mark, these are different names with different meanings, but their substance is originally identical; here there is neither crude nor subtle. However, the secondary alone is crude; when the secondary contains the primary, or the primary carries the secondary, provisionally speaking these are also crude; only the primary alone is subtle. The Tripiṭaka and shared teachings have identical names and identical meanings [to each other] but their substance is different [from the real], so they are strictly crude. The distinctive teaching has names and meanings that are either identical or different: its doctrinal portals are differentiated and therefore crude, but their substance is identical and therefore subtle; where its names and meanings are identical, or where its names and meanings are different, its identical substance is subtle. Tracing through the five flavors, the crude and subtle can be understood. Opening the crude means opening the secondary. Or opening the secondary teaching reveals it to be the primary teaching: formerly the Buddha rebuked the śrāvakas in the presence of the bodhisattvas, yet the Buddha truly taught and transformed them by means of the Mahāyāna. Or opening secondary practice reveals it to be primary practice: “That which you are practicing is the bodhisattva path.” Or opening secondary persons reveals them to be primary persons: the hired laborer earning his day’s wage is none other than the elder’s son. Or opening the secondary substance reveals it to be the primary substance: opening the gate of expedient means reveals the real mark; later, seeing this destitute man, he showed him the jewel tied within his clothes. Contemplating the secondary principle deeply, it is none other than the primary principle. All is subtle and there is no crude to stand against it: this is the primary purport of the sūtra.