妙法蓮華經玄義 2.23

2.23

As for 'such action', contriving and managing, moving the three karmas, and initiating various evils are termed 'action'. The eighth fascicle of the Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra says: 'For example, in the world, one who commits evil deeds is called a half-person.' Once one performs evil deeds, it is called the action of the hells.