妙法蓮華經玄義 2.23

2.23

如是作者，構造經營，運動三業，建創諸惡，名之為作。《大經》第八云：「譬如世間，為惡行者，名為半人。」既行惡行，名地獄作也。

As for 'such action', contriving and managing, moving the three karmas, and initiating various evils are termed 'action'. The eighth fascicle of the Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra says: 'For example, in the world, one who commits evil deeds is called a half-person.' Once one performs evil deeds, it is called the action of the hells.