妙法蓮華經玄義 4.33

4.33

Furthermore, regarding the cultivation of the six perfections within the various dhyānas: sentient beings are bound to and attached to the mundane world, unable to cast aside their livelihood and business even for a moment. The bodhisattva abandons these and single-mindedly enters dhyāna; this is called dāna. If one does not observe the precepts, dhyāna-concentration will not arise; moreover, when entering dhyāna, extraneous thoughts do not arise, and being naturally free of evil is śīla. Restraining body and speech, braving toil and enduring suffering, controlling external dusts so as not to attach to them, and suppressing the internal sense-entrances so that they do not arise—this is kṣānti. Continuously maintaining mindfulness through the early, middle, and late night, walking, standing, sitting, and lying down, the mind ever abiding in concentration without intermittent thoughts arising—this is called vīrya. Single-mindedly abiding in concentration, neither distracted nor savoring it, is called dhyāna. If, while single-mindedly in concentration, one can know the characteristics of phenomena arising and ceasing in the world and deeply discern error and falsity, this is called prajñā. All diverse practices are fully contained within dhyāna; within each and every dhyāna, all merits can be generated, and one bears burdens with benevolence and compassion. Therefore, it is named the ground of patient endurance.