妙法蓮華經玄義 4.62

4.62

As for the existence of the Thirty-three [Gods] using the hard-to-subdue samādhi: this is the summit of the earth-dwellers, which is the hard-to-subdue retribution, as well as the hard-to-subdue views and thoughts, dust and sand, fundamental ignorance, and so on. The bodhisattva cultivates practices, transcends them, destroys these hard-to-subdue [defilements], and personally perfects the samādhi. His vows perfume others. If there is a capacity and condition, through his original compassion he causes others to attain realization; therefore the samādhi is named hard-to-subdue. The rest is as explained above.