妙法蓮華經玄義 4.62

4.62

三十三天有，用難伏三昧者，此是地居之頂，即是果報難伏，見思、塵沙、無明等難伏。菩薩修諸行，出其上，破諸難伏，自成三昧。誓願熏他。若有機緣，以本慈悲，令他得證，是故三昧名為難伏。餘如上說。

As for the existence of the Thirty-three [Gods] using the hard-to-subdue samādhi: this is the summit of the earth-dwellers, which is the hard-to-subdue retribution, as well as the hard-to-subdue views and thoughts, dust and sand, fundamental ignorance, and so on. The bodhisattva cultivates practices, transcends them, destroys these hard-to-subdue [defilements], and personally perfects the samādhi. His vows perfume others. If there is a capacity and condition, through his original compassion he causes others to attain realization; therefore the samādhi is named hard-to-subdue. The rest is as explained above.