妙法蓮華經玄義 9.7

9.7

Furthermore, interpenetrating and non-interpenetrating are clarified in terms of refutation and convergence. If one refutes the false views of non-Buddhists, but does not refute the false crookedness of the two vehicles, nor does one refute the expedients of the Mahāyāna; and furthermore, if convergence is not perfect—as in Vimalakīrti, where ordinary beings are converged as capable of turning back, while śrāvakas cannot; where the ranks of worldly defilements are converged as the seed of the Tathāgata, but those who enter the correct position of the unconditioned cannot turn back; where evil persons of birth and death and evil dharmas of afflictions are all converged, but the wholesome dharmas of the two vehicles and the noble persons of the four fruits are not converged; and again in the Prajñāpāramitā, where it clarifies that the applications of mindfulness and factors of the path practiced by the two vehicles are all the Mahāyāna, and that greed, ignorance, views, attachment, and so forth are all the Mahāyāna, so that wholesome and evil dharmas are all converged, yet evil persons and persons of the two vehicles are not converged, without discerning their attainment of buddhahood—this is subsumed under the distinctive gates.