法華義疏 1.169

1.169

如《華嚴．法界品》及《五濁經》等，前列菩薩後列聲聞，此則依其內德從勝至劣以為次第。今前列聲聞後列菩薩者，此中列眾次第要以外儀具足：聲聞心具智斷、形備法儀，心形兩勝是故前列；菩薩心雖會道，形無定方或道或俗，此則心勝形劣，故在第二；凡夫心形兩劣，所以居第三。此則是約外儀從勝至劣以為次第也。

As in the 'Dharmadhātu Chapter' of the *Avataṃsaka* and the *Wuzhuo jing*, the bodhisattvas are listed first and the śrāvakas are listed later; this is an order based on their inner virtue, proceeding from the superior to the inferior. In the present text, listing the śrāvakas first and the bodhisattvas later is because the order of listing the assembly here is essentially based on the completeness of external comportment: the śrāvakas' minds are complete in wisdom and eradication, and their physical form is fully equipped with Dharma comportment; since both mind and form are superior, they are listed first. Although the bodhisattvas' minds are attuned to the Way, their physical forms have no fixed direction, being either religious or secular; in this case, their minds are superior but their forms are inferior, so they are second. The ordinary beings are inferior in both mind and form, and are therefore placed third. This is an order based on external comportment, proceeding from superior to inferior.