法華義疏 12.190

12.190

一切法中各有增上，如水力增上能滅火，火得增上復能消水，今神呪力能除諸惡亦爾。惡有二：一、有情惡鬼等，二、無情謂惡風雨等，如是內難外難悉名為惡。《地持論》明有四持：一，法持，謂聞慧；二、義持，謂思慧；三、呪持，因禪起呪，謂修慧；四、忍持，是入證行慧。四持位者，《地持》云「聞、義、呪三，初地成就者必不退，爾前得者不定，忍持起自解行地，成在初地」。

Among all phenomena, each has its predominance. Just as the power of water, when predominant, can extinguish fire, and fire, having attained predominance, can in turn dry up water, so too the power of divine incantations can dispel all evils. Evils are of two kinds: first, the animate, such as evil ghosts; second, the inanimate, meaning evil winds, rains, and the like. Internal troubles and external troubles such as these are all named evil. The Bodhisattvabhūmi explains that there are four retentions: first, retention of phenomena, meaning the wisdom of listening; second, retention of meaning, meaning the wisdom of thinking; third, retention of incantations, where incantations are initiated due to dhyāna, meaning the wisdom of cultivation; fourth, retention of forbearance, which is the wisdom of practice that enters realization. As for the stages of the four retentions, the Bodhisattvabhūmi states: "As for the three retentions of listening, meaning, and incantations, those who accomplish them on the first stage certainly do not regress, while for those who attain them prior to that it is indeterminate; retention of forbearance arises from the stage of resolute practice and is accomplished on the first stage."