法華義疏 3.339

3.339

濁是不淨義，譬如濁水不能見物，眾生心濁不能知見一乘理，故名濁也。（《薩遮尼健經》有十二濁：一示現劫濁、二示現時濁、三示現眾生濁、四示現煩惱濁、五示現命濁、六示現三乘差別濁、七示現不淨國土濁、八示現難化眾生濁、九示現說種種煩惱濁、十示現外道亂濁、十一示現魔濁、十二示現魔業濁）

'Turbidity' has the sense of impurity. Just as turbid water prevents one from seeing things, when the minds of sentient beings are turbid, they cannot know and see the principle of the ekayāna; hence it is called 'turbidity'. (The Satyakanirgrantha Sūtra lists twelve turbidities: 1. manifesting the kalpa turbidity; 2. manifesting the time turbidity; 3. manifesting the sentient beings turbidity; 4. manifesting the defilement turbidity; 5. manifesting the lifespan turbidity; 6. manifesting the turbidity of distinction among the triyāna; 7. manifesting the impure land turbidity; 8. manifesting the turbidity of beings difficult to convert; 9. manifesting the turbidity of expounding various defilements; 10. manifesting the disordering turbidity of non-Buddhists; 11. manifesting the Māra turbidity; 12. manifesting the turbidity of Māra's deeds.)