法華義疏 5.226

5.226

就明化主凡有五句：一、明處大，二、辨位德重，三、序年高，四、歎巨富，五、美多有眷屬，凡為大人必具此五。此五皆是歎長者之德也。「若國邑聚落」者，明處大也。「若」者，《雜心》云「若其事」也。又若者，如也。如其事而說之。「國邑聚落」者，正譬化處也。但化處有四：一國、二邑、三聚、四落，所王之處有封疆墟域謂國也，邑者古人呼縣為邑，內村伍為聚，外墟畔為落。今將《釋論》解〈發趣品〉明一佛王化凡有四處：初、謂一佛世界；二、明一世界海；三、明世界種；四、一世界所度之分。一佛世界者，百億日月等名一大千，如是十方各一恒沙大千名一佛世界也。一世界海者，如是一佛世界數如十方恒沙名一世界海。如是佛世界海數如十方恒沙名一世界種也。如是世界種十方無量名一世界所度之分。總此四種合是一佛王化之域。國是其大處，喻一世界分域也；邑為其次，擬世界種也；落是墟畔之遠，擬世界海也；聚是村伍之近，擬一世界也。明長者在四處者，窮長者之美也。一家之大亦稱長者，於家之外未必皆大，若於四處為大可謂美之極；明佛亦然，義可知也。

Regarding clarifying the transforming master, there are five clauses in all: 1. clarifying the greatness of his place; 2. distinguishing the weight of his status and virtue; 3. describing his advanced age; 4. praising his immense wealth; 5. admiring his having many dependents. Whoever is a great man must possess these five. These five are all praises of the elder's virtues. "Suppose in a country, city, or village": this clarifies the greatness of his place. 'Suppose' (ruo): the Za xin says, "Supposing its circumstances". Furthermore, ruo means 'like' (ru)—speaking according to its circumstances. "Country, city, or village": this directly serves as a parable for the place of transformation. However, there are four places of transformation: first, a country; second, a city; third, a settlement; fourth, a village. The place where one rules having borders, territories, and ruins is called a country. A 'city' (yi) is what ancients called a county. Inner clusters of hamlets are a 'settlement' (ju); outer boundary limits are a 'village' (luo). Now taking the commentary on the "Chapter on Setting Out" in the Treatise [on the Great Prajñāpāramitā], it clarifies that a single Buddha's royal transformation has four places in all: first, what is called a single Buddha-world; second, clarifying a single world-ocean; third, clarifying a world-system; fourth, the realm of deliverance within a single world. A single Buddha-world: a billion suns and moons and so forth are called a great trichiliocosm; thus in each of the ten directions, great trichiliocosms equal to the sands of a Ganges River are called a single Buddha-world. A single world-ocean: Buddha-worlds such as this numbering like the sands of the Ganges in the ten directions are called a single world-ocean. Buddha-world-oceans such as this numbering like the sands of the Ganges in the ten directions are called a single world-system. World-systems such as this, boundless in the ten directions, are called the realm of deliverance within a single world. Combining these four kinds altogether makes the domain of a single Buddha's royal transformation. The country is its great place, illustrating the realm of a single world; the city is next, corresponding to the world-system; the village is the distant boundary limit, corresponding to the world-ocean; the settlement is the near cluster of hamlets, corresponding to a single world. Clarifying that the elder is in the four places is to exhaust the elder's excellence. The head of a single family is also called an elder, yet outside the family he is not necessarily great; if he is great across the four places, it can be called the utmost in excellence. Clarifying that the Buddha is also like this—the meaning can be known.