法華遊意 1.259

1.259

或一教、二教、三教、四教乃至十教。言一教者，一切皆是一乘教，如〈藥草喻品〉云「於一切法以智方便而演說之，其所說法皆悉到於一切智地」，以所表理既無二，能表之教亦一也。言二教者，謂大小乘二，如上說也。言三教者，謂根本法輪、枝末之教及攝末歸本，亦如前說也。言四教者，〈方便品〉偈文明於四教，謂四調柔：一、以人天乘調柔，令離三塗；次、以二乘調柔，令離三界。此二調柔，令離界內惑也。三、以自教調柔，令二乘人得口自說大法，以自知教調伏其心；四、以他教調柔，諸佛菩薩為其說大法令小入大。此二教使其離三界外小乘惑也。此四調柔二乘人令入一乘，為一乘之方便也。故〈信解品〉云「如富長者以方便力柔伏其心乃教大智」也。

There are one teaching, two teachings, three teachings, four teachings, and up to ten teachings. As for the 'one teaching': everything is the teaching of the single vehicle. As the 'Medicinal Herbs Simile Chapter' says: 'With wise upāya he expounds all dharmas; the dharmas he preaches all reach the ground of all-knowledge.' Since the principle expressed is without duality, the teaching that expresses it is also one. As for the 'two teachings': this refers to the two vehicles, great and small, as explained above. As for the 'three teachings': this refers to the fundamental wheel of Dharma, the branch-and-leaf teaching, and gathering the branches back to the root, also as explained previously. As for the 'four teachings': the verse text of the 'Expedient Chapter' clarifies four teachings, which are the four ways of gentle taming. First, taming through the human and heavenly vehicles, causing beings to leave the three wretched destinies; next, taming through the two vehicles, causing beings to leave the triple world. These two ways of gentle taming cause beings to leave the delusions within the world. Third, taming through one's own teaching, causing persons of the two vehicles to be able to speak the Great Dharma with their own mouths, subduing their minds through their own knowledge of the teaching; fourth, taming through another's teaching, wherein the buddhas and bodhisattvas speak the Great Dharma for them, causing those of the small to enter the great. These two teachings cause them to leave the small-vehicle delusions outside the triple world. These four ways gently tame persons of the two vehicles to cause them to enter the single vehicle, acting as upāyas of the single vehicle. Hence the 'Faith and Understanding Chapter' says: 'Just as the wealthy elder, through the power of upāya, gently subdued his mind and only then taught him the great wisdom.'