法華遊意 1.260

1.260

言十教者，一者頓教，謂初成道時即以大乘頓化窮子，但根性未堪，是故息化也。二者漸教，從說人天乘乃至《法華》，皆是漸說大乘也。然頓教正化直往菩薩，漸教則化迴小入大人也。就漸教之中復開二種：一、世間教，即人天乘，如冷水灑面譬也；二、出世間教，從趣鹿薗說二乘教，終竟《法華》也。就出世間教中復有二種：一、小乘教，二、大乘教。初趣鹿薗說小乘教，從《波若》已去謂大乘教也。就大乘教中復有二種：一者、自說大乘，即《大品》付財命說之事；二者、他教，從《大品》已後諸方等教，佛與菩薩為小乘人而說大乘也。此二種教謂密說大乘，至於《法花》謂顯教小乘人大法也。此之五雙十教，並現〈信解品〉文也。

Regarding the ten teachings: First is the sudden teaching, which means that upon first attaining the Way, [the Buddha] immediately transformed the poor son suddenly with the Mahāyāna, but because his capacities and nature were not yet capable [of it], He therefore ceased the transformation. Second is the gradual teaching, which, from the expounding of the human and heavenly vehicles up to the Lotus Sūtra, is throughout the gradual expounding of the Mahāyāna. However, the sudden teaching directly transforms the direct bodhisattvas, whereas the gradual teaching transforms those who turn from the small to enter the great. Within the gradual teaching, two kinds are further opened: 1. the mundane teaching, which is the human and heavenly vehicles, like the metaphor of sprinkling cold water on the face; 2. the supramundane teaching, from setting out for the Deer Park to expound the teaching of the two vehicles, ending with the Lotus Sūtra. Within the supramundane teaching, there are again two kinds: 1. the Hīnayāna teaching; 2. the Mahāyāna teaching. Initially setting out for the Deer Park, He expounded the Hīnayāna teaching; from the Prajñā[-pāramitā sūtras] onward is called the Mahāyāna teaching. Within the Mahāyāna teaching, there are again two kinds: 1. expounding the Mahāyāna by oneself, which is the matter of entrusting the wealth and commanding the expounding [of the Dharma] in the Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikā; 2. the teaching of others, which is, from after the Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikā, the various vaipulya teachings wherein the Buddha and bodhisattvas expounded the Mahāyāna for the people of the Hīnayāna. These two kinds of teachings are called secretly expounding the Mahāyāna; arriving at the Lotus Sūtra is called manifestly teaching the great Dharma to the people of the Hīnayāna. These five pairs and ten teachings are all manifested in the text of the chapter on 'Faith and Understanding'.