妙法蓮華經玄贊 2.52

2.52

贊曰：下空居天、夜摩天、覩史多天名自在天子，得異熟果隨意所念勝下二天，下二天果依樹而得，今隨欲得，名為自在。樂變化天、他化自在天名天自在天子，不樂異熟果，樂自樂他變為樂具而受用之，名大自在。又解他化天主名自在天，第四禪主名大自在天。又自在天是帝釋臣，大自在天是帝釋之師，若後二解無四空居欲界天也。

The commentary: Below, the aerial devas, the Yāma devas and Tuṣita devas, are called Devaputra Sovereign (Iśvara); they obtain the fruition of maturation according to whatever they mentally intend, superior to the two lower heavens—the fruition of the two lower heavens being obtained depending on trees, while now they obtain it according to desire, hence called 'sovereign'. The Nirmāṇarati devas and Paranirmitavaśavartin devas are called Heavenly Sovereign Devaputra (Devaiśvara); not taking pleasure in the fruition of maturation, they delight in transforming objects of pleasure for themselves and others and enjoying them, hence called 'Great Sovereign' (Maheśvara). Another explanation is that the lord of the Paranirmita heaven is named Sovereign Deva, and the lord of the Fourth Dhyāna is named Great Sovereign Deva. Furthermore, Sovereign Deva is a minister of Śakra, and Great Sovereign Deva is Śakra's master. If according to the latter two explanations, there are not four aerial desire-realm heavens.