花嚴經文義綱目 1.53

1.53

五界趣者，於三界中除無色天，以隨相寄法非殊勝故；若《仁王經》，亦有無色天等。五趣中除地獄眾，以彼極苦，寄相顯法亦非勝故；若《陀羅尼經》，亦有此眾。又無人王眾，以相顯非奇故。或菩薩即人眾也。或唯列王眾，如後十八眾說，以表法自在故。或通王臣，如此三十四眾中說，以具主伴故。

Fifth, realms and destinies: among the three realms, the formless heavens are excluded, because following characteristics to lodge the Dharma [there] is not superlative; yet in the *Benevolent Kings Sūtra*, there are also formless heavens and so forth. Among the five destinies, the hell beings are excluded, because their suffering is extreme, and lodging characteristics to reveal the Dharma is likewise not superlative; yet in the *Dhāraṇī Sūtra*, there are also these beings. Furthermore, there is no assembly of human kings, because revealing through characteristics is not extraordinary; or, bodhisattvas are precisely the human assembly. Or only assemblies of kings are listed, as expounded in the later eighteen assemblies, in order to express mastery of the Dharma. Or both kings and ministers are included, as expounded here in the thirty-four assemblies, in order to possess host and retinue.