大方廣佛華嚴經隨疏演義鈔 21.21

21.21

疏「有斯多義」下，二會釋偈文。「重重四門」者，且第一重即是四句，謂一有門、二空門、三亦空亦有門、四非空非有門。天台以斯歷於四教，則有四箇四門，略如前玄談中辯。今且於一重四句中更有四重四門，然執著成見取成四謗。得意為門，今取門義。言四重者，一即單四句，如向所說；二複四句，謂一有有有無、二無有無無、三亦有有有無亦無有無無、四非有有有無非無有無無。而言複者，四句之中皆說有無故。第三具足四句者，四句之中皆具四故。第一有句具四者，謂一有有、二有無、三有亦有亦無、四有非有非無。第二無句中四者，一無有、二無無、三無亦有亦無、四無非有非無。第三亦有亦無具四者，一亦有亦無有、二亦有亦無無、三亦有亦無有亦有亦無無、四亦非有非無有亦非無非無無。第四非有非無具四者，一非有非無有、二非有非無無、三亦非有非無有亦非有非無無、四非非有非無有非非有非無無。上四四一十六句為具足四句。第四絕言四句者，一單四句外一絕言、二複四句外一絕言、三具足四句外一絕言，有三絕言。若為見釋，上諸四見一一皆有八十八使相應，是見即外道見故。若約佛法歷四教，四門各生四見。又一種四句各一絕言，如是一一亦各有八十八使、六十二見、百八等惑。若破諸見，一一見破一一成門，故云重重四門。又重重者，如一有無門具諸四句，則歷常無常、我與無我等亦有多四句，謂一有無常、二無無常、三亦有亦無無常、四非有非無無常等。又歷萬行，謂若布施等，如云一有布施、二無布施、三亦有亦無布施、四非有非無布施等。

Regarding the Commentary's "With these multiple meanings..." downward, this secondly correlates and explains the verse text. As for "manifold four gates," first, the first tier is the four propositions, namely: 1. the gate of existence, 2. the gate of emptiness, 3. the gate of both emptiness and existence, and 4. the gate of neither emptiness nor existence. Tiantai applied these across the four teachings, yielding four sets of four gates, as briefly analyzed above in the profound discussion. Now, within a single tier of four propositions, there are further four tiers of four gates. However, grasping onto them forms views that give rise to the four calumnies; grasping their intent makes them gates, and here we adopt the meaning of gates. As for the four tiers: 1. the single four propositions, as explained above; 2. the compound four propositions, namely: (1) existing existence and existing non-existence, (2) non-existing existence and non-existing non-existence, (3) both existing existence and existing non-existence and non-existing existence and non-existing non-existence, (4) neither existing existence and existing non-existence nor non-existing existence and non-existing non-existence. They are called "compound" because existence and non-existence are spoken of in all four propositions; 3. the complete four propositions, where each of the four propositions contains all four. The first proposition of existence containing four means: (1) existing existence, (2) existing non-existence, (3) existing both-existence-and-non-existence, (4) existing neither-existence-nor-non-existence. The four within the second proposition of non-existence are: (1) non-existing existence, (2) non-existing non-existence, (3) non-existing both-existence-and-non-existence, (4) non-existing neither-existence-nor-non-existence. The third proposition of both-existence-and-non-existence containing four means: (1) both-existing-and-non-existing existence, (2) both-existing-and-non-existing non-existence, (3) both-existing-and-non-existing both-existence-and-non-existence, (4) both-existing-and-non-existing neither-existence-nor-non-existence. The fourth proposition of neither-existence-nor-non-existence containing four means: (1) neither-existing-nor-non-existing existence, (2) neither-existing-nor-non-existing non-existence, (3) neither-existing-nor-non-existing both-existence-and-non-existence, (4) neither-existing-nor-non-existing neither-existence-nor-non-existence. The above four times four makes sixteen propositions, which constitute the complete four propositions. 4. The four propositions transcending words: one transcending words beyond the single four propositions, one transcending words beyond the compound four propositions, and one transcending words beyond the complete four propositions—there are three transcending words. If explained as views, each of the above four views is associated with the eighty-eight underlying tendencies; these views are non-Buddhist views. If correlated across the four teachings in terms of the Buddhadharma, the four gates each give rise to four views. Furthermore, each kind of four propositions has its own transcendence of words; thus, each also has the eighty-eight underlying tendencies, sixty-two views, one hundred and eight defilements, and so forth. If one refutes these views, as each view is refuted, each becomes a gate; hence it is said "manifold four gates." Furthermore, "manifold" means that just as the single gate of existence and non-existence contains all these four propositions, so too when applied to permanence and impermanence, self and non-self, and so on, there are also multiple four propositions, namely: 1. existence of impermanence, 2. non-existence of impermanence, 3. both existence and non-existence of impermanence, 4. neither existence nor non-existence of impermanence, and so forth. Furthermore, applied to the myriad practices, such as giving and so forth, it is as saying: 1. existence of giving, 2. non-existence of giving, 3. both existence and non-existence of giving, 4. neither existence nor non-existence of giving, and so on.