大方廣佛華嚴經隨疏演義鈔 44.83

44.83

疏「云何知」下，四釋知相。即《大品》意，前文已引，初知相中，言「色以變礙為相」者，《俱舍》第一中，色有二義：一變壞義。論「問云：始自眼根、終乎無表，世尊何故說為色耶？答：可變壞故，名為色蘊。」釋曰：變者顯剎那無常，壞者顯眾同分無常。論「問云：誰能變壞？謂手觸等（云云）故即便變壞，廣說乃至蚊虻等觸。」此變壞者，即是可破壞義。二變礙義。論云「有說：變礙故名為色。」釋曰：變謂變壞，礙謂質礙。「若爾，極微應不名色，無變礙故。此難不然，無一極微各處而住，眾微聚集變礙義成。」餘廣如彼。《雜集》亦二義。一「問云：色蘊何相？答：變現相是色相。此有二種：一觸對變壞、二方所示現。觸對變壞者，謂由手足乃至蚊虻他所觸對時即便變壞。方所示現者，謂由方所隨何相示現。如此色如是，如是色等。」

In the Commentary, from "How to know" onwards, the fourth [part] explains the characteristics of knowing. This is the sense of the Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā, which was already cited previously. Within the initial knowing of characteristics, when it says "material form takes mutability and obstruction as its characteristic," in the first fascicle of the Kośa, material form has two meanings: First, the meaning of mutability and decay. The treatise asks: "Starting from the eye faculty and ending with the unmanifest, why did the World-Honoured One describe them as material form? Answer: Because they can be altered and destroyed, they are called the aggregate of material form." Exposition: "Altered" reveals moment-by-moment impermanence, and "destroyed" reveals the impermanence of the generic group. The treatise asks: "What can alter and destroy it? Namely, contact by hands and so forth (and so on); thus it is immediately altered and destroyed, up to contact with mosquitoes, gnats, and so forth in detail." This "mutability and decay" is precisely the meaning of being destructible. Second is the meaning of mutability and obstruction. The treatise says: "Some say: Because of mutability and obstruction, it is called material form." Exposition: Mutability means alteration and destruction; obstruction means having spatial resistance. "If so, an infinitesimal particle should not be called material form, because it lacks mutability and obstruction. This objection is not so: no single particle abides in a separate place; when a mass of particles accumulates, the meaning of mutability and obstruction is established." The rest is as detailed there. The Abhidharmasamuccayavyākhyā also has two meanings: First, it asks: "What is the characteristic of the aggregate of material form? Answer: The characteristic of manifesting alteration is the characteristic of material form. This has two kinds: first, alteration upon contact; second, spatial manifestation. Alteration upon contact means that when touched by others—such as hands, feet, or even mosquitoes and gnats—it is immediately altered and destroyed. Spatial manifestation means manifesting in accordance with whatever characteristic according to its spatial location, such as this form being like this, that form, and so on."