大方廣佛華嚴經隨疏演義鈔 59.62

59.62

疏「今初律儀」下，第四釋文。疏「今居地上方行十善」者，然十善通佛，此亦不徵；差別說之，人天因耳。故今深玄，不合行此。又此善中先離殺者，然小乘四重，婬戒最初。初有三義：一者此戒，人之喜犯。二者劫初起過，此最為先，餘之三戒亦皆次第。三者婬愛惑業，招潤生死，二乘厭離故制在先。今十善十惡菩薩十重皆殺在初者，殺罪過重，善惡皆初，菩薩大慈居十重首。又《智度論》十三中說殺有十惡：一心常懷毒，世世不絕。二眾生憎惡，眼不喜見。三常懷惡念，思惟惡事。四眾生見者如見蛇虎。五睡時心怖，覺亦不安。六常為惡夢。七命終之時狂怖惡死。八者種短命惡業因緣。九身壞命終墮泥犁中。十若得為人，常短壽命。釋曰：今但離殺，十惡頓亡。故《大論》云「遠離一切殺生者，示現遠離，利益勝故。」

Regarding the commentary's phrase "Now the first, the moral code": below, the fourth is explaining the text. Regarding the commentary's phrase "Now dwelling upon the bhūmi, only then practicing the ten wholesome deeds": the ten wholesome deeds apply up through the Buddha, and this is not disputed here; when explained distinctively, they are merely causes for human and heavenly rebirth. Hence in the present profound and sublime [context], practicing these seems unfitting. Furthermore, among these wholesome deeds, abstaining from killing is placed first: in the Hīnayāna four major offenses, the precept against sexual misconduct comes first. This initial placement has three reasons: first, this precept is the one humans most frequently violate; second, when faults arose at the beginning of the kalpa, this was the very first, and the other three precepts followed in sequence; third, sexual craving is a defiled karma that invites and moistens saṃsāra, so the two vehicles abhor it and thus establish it first. Now, among the ten wholesome deeds, the ten unwholesome deeds, and the bodhisattva's ten major offenses, killing is placed first in all of them because the fault of killing is extremely grave, being first among both wholesome and unwholesome deeds; and the bodhisattva's great compassion stands at the head of the ten major offenses. Furthermore, the Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa, fascicle thirteen, states that killing has ten unwholesome aspects: 1. The mind constantly harbors malice, uninterrupted life after life. 2. Sentient beings detest him and dislike seeing him. 3. He constantly harbors evil thoughts and ruminates on evil matters. 4. Sentient beings look upon him as they would a snake or tiger. 5. When sleeping, his mind is terrified, and when awake, he is uneasy. 6. He constantly has nightmares. 7. At the time of death, he dies a mad, terrifying, and wretched death. 8. He plants the evil karmic causes and conditions of a short lifespan. 9. At the breakup of the body after death, he falls into hell. 10. If he obtains a human rebirth, his lifespan is constantly short. Explanation: Now, merely by abstaining from killing, the ten evils are eliminated at once. Therefore the Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa states: "'One who abandons all taking of life' demonstrates renunciation because the benefit is superior."