大方廣佛華嚴經隨疏演義鈔 63.113

63.113

Regarding the commentary's: "Fourth, excellence in conforming to worldly knowledge clarifies the remedies for defilement and hindrance" and so forth: Defilement is afflictions; this is remedied by the fifth, inner science. Hindrance is what is known; this is remedied by the first four sciences. However, in the Yogācārabhūmi, fascicle thirteen, the order of the five is listed, saying: "First, inner science; second, medical science; third, logical science; fourth, linguistic science; fifth, science of arts and crafts." Here, placing defilement first accords precisely with that treatise. Regarding the commentary's "Arithmetic is the positing of numbers": In fascicle fifteen, linguistic science is explained, and the treatise says: "What is linguistic science? One should know that here there are briefly six characteristics: first, the characteristic of positing and establishing dharmas; second, the characteristic of positing and establishing meanings; third, the characteristic of positing and establishing persons; fourth, the characteristic of positing and establishing time; fifth, the characteristic of positing and establishing numbers; sixth, the characteristic of positing and establishing bases of place and root-structures. The first, the characteristic of positing and establishing dharmas, refers to collections of names, phrases, and syllables, as well as sounds associated with the five virtues: first, not vulgar; second, not frivolous; third, bold and clear; fourth, coherent; fifth, having good meaning. The second, positing and establishing meanings, briefly has ten kinds: first, establishing faculties, meaning seeing, hearing, and so forth; second, establishing great elements, meaning supporting, moistening, and so forth; third, establishing actions, meaning going, coming, speaking, thinking, and so forth; fourth, establishing seeking, meaning pursuing, searching, and so forth; fifth, establishing non-dharmas, meaning killing, stealing, and so forth; sixth, establishing dharmas, meaning giving, precepts, and so forth; seventh, establishing flourishing, meaning realization, joy, and so forth; eighth, establishing decline, meaning ruin, dread, and so forth; ninth, establishing enjoyment, meaning food, drink, veiling, and so forth; tenth, establishing guarding, meaning nurturing, fullness, and so forth. The third, positing and establishing persons, refers to the differences of vocal characteristics of male, female, and non-male-non-female. The fourth, positing and establishing time, refers to differences of vocal characteristics of the three times—past, present, and future—and so forth. The fifth, positing and establishing numbers, refers to differences of vocal characteristics of three numbers: first, singular number; second, dual number; third, plural number. The sixth, positing and establishing bases of place and root-structures, briefly has five characteristics: first, continuity; second, names; third, concise summary; fourth, their benefit; fifth, proclamation. If verses and so forth, they are called root-structures. These five kinds are collectively called the establishing of bases of place and root-structures." Explanation: The present passage corresponds to the fifth. Furthermore, numbers are used to record amounts, and calculation is used to record positions, such as one vertical and ten horizontal, and so on; the meaning in the Yogācārabhūmi has already been briefly provided.