新華嚴經論 11.27

11.27

第三緊那羅王，明等一切諸佛迴向。以一切諸佛處於生死，以法忍門以為萬行之主，令一切眾生皆得菩提無上法樂故。寄表緊那羅王，此云疑神，亦為行主，似人而頂上有角，口似牛口，人見皆疑：人耶？非人耶？故曰疑神。明此位菩薩以十迴向成大悲心，以法忍力生於六道，同行益生，人見皆疑，為凡為聖？若是凡夫，有智如佛；若是賢聖，行同凡事，故以疑神寄表其行也。此神能作行主，與天作戲。主忍波羅蜜門，以忍為萬行主。若無忍者萬行不成，是故忍為行主。於中四義，如上准之。十箇疑神，以忍波羅蜜中十波羅蜜，以名義配之可見。此類畜生道攝。

Third, the Kinnara Kings clarify the Dedication of Equality with All Buddhas. Because all buddhas abide in saṃsāra taking the gate of forbearance toward dharmas as the master of myriad practices, they cause all sentient beings to attain the unsurpassed Dharma joy of bodhi. To express this, it is lodged in the kinnara kings. This is translated as "spirits of doubt", and they are also masters of practice. Resembling humans yet having a horn on their heads, with mouths resembling cattle mouths, humans who see them all doubt: "Is it a human? Or not a human?" Therefore they are called "spirits of doubt". This clarifies that the bodhisattvas of this stage accomplish the mind of great compassion through the ten dedications, and through the power of forbearance toward dharmas take birth in the six destinies, benefiting sentient beings through identical actions. Humans seeing them all doubt: "Is he an ordinary person or a sage? If an ordinary person, his wisdom is like a buddha's; if an arya or sage, his actions are identical to worldly affairs." Hence, their practice is lodged and expressed through the spirits of doubt. These spirits can act as masters of practice, making entertainment for the devas. They preside over the kṣānti-pāramitā gate, taking forbearance as the master of myriad practices. If there is no forbearance, myriad practices cannot be accomplished; therefore forbearance is the master of practice. The four meanings within this are to be inferred as above. The ten spirits of doubt, matching the ten pāramitās within the kṣānti-pāramitā according to their names and meanings, can be seen. This category is subsumed under the animal realm.