觀無量壽佛經義疏 3.184

3.184

「『應時即得阿羅漢道，三明六通，具八解脫。』」阿即翻無，羅漢為生。結惑已盡，不受後有，故言無生。亦云應供、殺賊，如別所明。三明者，過去宿命明、現在漏盡明、末來天眼明，三皆洞徹，獨得稱明。六通，一天眼、二天耳、三他心、四宿命、五如意、六漏盡，六皆無壅，故總名通。八解脫，亦名八背捨。一、內有色相外觀也（不壞內身骨人，而觀外色不淨，此位在初禪）。二、內無相外觀也（壞滅內骨人，觀外不淨，得入二禪）。三、緣淨背捨身作證（除外不淨，定心清潔，名緣淨。以無著心受三禪樂，名身證）。四、虛空處背捨（滅四禪色心，緣無邊空而入定，知無常苦空，心厭背故）。五、識處背捨（捨空，緣識入定，知無常，生厭背）。六、無所有處背捨（捨識，緣無所有入定，知無常，生厭背）。七、非有想非無想背捨（捨無所有，緣非非想入定，知無常，生厭背）。八、滅受想背捨（背滅受，捨諸心心數法，入定休息，名背捨）。餘如法界次第。三、結。

"‘He immediately attains the path of an arhat, with the three knowledges, six supernatural powers, and endowed with the eight liberations.’" A- translates as "non-", and -rahat is "birth". Because the fetters and delusions are already exhausted and he does not receive future existence, he is said to have "non-birth". He is also called "worthy of offerings" and "slayer of the foe", as explained elsewhere. The three knowledges are: the knowledge of past lives regarding the past, the knowledge of the exhaustion of outflows regarding the present, and the divine eye knowledge regarding the future; because all three are completely penetrating, they alone obtain the title "knowledge". The six supernatural powers are: first, the divine eye; second, the divine ear; third, knowing other minds; fourth, past lives; fifth, psychic power; sixth, exhaustion of outflows; because all six are without obstruction, they are collectively called supernatural powers. The eight liberations are also called the eight relinquishments: 1. Having the perception of internal form, contemplating external forms (not destroying the internal skeleton of the body while contemplating the impurity of external forms; this stage is in the first dhyāna). 2. Having no internal perception of form, contemplating external forms (destroying the internal skeleton, contemplating external impurity, attaining entry into the second dhyāna). 3. Direct bodily realization of the relinquishment regarding the pure (removing external impurity, the concentrated mind is pure and clean, called "regarding the pure"; experiencing the bliss of the third dhyāna with an unattached mind is called "bodily realization"). 4. Relinquishment of the base of boundless space (destroying the form and mind of the fourth dhyāna, focusing on boundless space to enter absorption, knowing impermanence, suffering, and emptiness, with the mind repelled and turning away). 5. Relinquishment of the base of boundless consciousness (abandoning space, focusing on consciousness to enter absorption, knowing impermanence, producing repulsion and turning away). 6. Relinquishment of the base of nothingness (abandoning consciousness, focusing on nothingness to enter absorption, knowing impermanence, producing repulsion and turning away). 7. Relinquishment of the base of neither-perception-nor-non-perception (abandoning nothingness, focusing on neither-perception-nor-non-perception to enter absorption, knowing impermanence, producing repulsion and turning away). 8. Relinquishment of the cessation of feeling and perception (turning away and destroying feeling, abandoning all mental dharmas, entering absorption to rest, called "relinquishment"). The rest is as in the Fajie cidi. Third, concluding.